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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the improvements that are gained by using a common API that interfaces with a kernel for an OS as opposed to a flat design.
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-Resource contention is managed by kernel.
-Applications no longer need hardware specific code. |
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What is a kernel?
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A program that interfaces with the computer's hardware and software, abstracting the low-level details of the hardware while managing the sometimes conflicting resource demands of the software?
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A kernel is a program just like any other program and just like any other program it has inputs and outputs. Name the inputs and outputs of a kernel.
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Inputs:
-Users -Devices Interrupts Network Cards Keyboard Mouse Etc. Outputs: -Users -Devices Sound Card Network Card Monitor etc. |
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What is multiprogramming?
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Multiprogramming organizes jobs so that the CPU always has one to execute.
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What is multitasking (time-sharing)?
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Multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming where the CPU executes multiple jobs by switching among them but the switches occur so freqently that the user can interact with each program while it is running.
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What is a cache?
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A cache is a faster storage system than memory that is used to store information on a temporary basis to speed up access to data in case it is reused in the near future.
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1.1: In a multiprogramming and time-sharing enviornement, several users share the system simultaneously. This situation can result in various security problems.
a. What are two such problems? b. Cna we ensure the same degree of security in a time-shared machine as in a dedicated machine? Explain your answer. |
a. 1. A user malicously hurting the system to disallow access to other users. (ie fork bombing). Infomation in a running process belonging to one user being accessed by another user.
b. ... |
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1.2: The issure of resource utilization shows up in different forms in different types of operating systems. List what resources must be managed carefully in the following settings:
a. Mainframe or minicomputer systems. b. Workstations connected to servers. c. Handheld computers. |
a. CPU, memory.
b. Network connection, CPU, memory. c. Memory, disk space, power usage. |
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1.4: Which of the functionalities listed below need to be supported by the operating system for the following two settings. (a) handheld devices. (b) real-time systems.
a. Batch programming b. Virtual Memory. c. Time sharing. |
(a) b c
(b) a b c |
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1.5: Describe the differences between symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing. What are three advantages and one disadvantage of multiprocessor systems?
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Symmetric: procs are peers
Asymmetric: Master proc gives directions to slave procs. Advantages: 1. Increased Throughput: more work done in less time. 2. Economy of scale: multiproc systems cost less than independent single pro systems. 3. Increased reliability: one proc fails the others can pick up the slack. |
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1.10 What is the purpose of an interrupt? What is the difference between a trap and an interrupt? Can traps be generated intenionally by a user program? Is so why?
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