Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Air waves generate vibrations in the tympanic membrane in the _____ ear.
|
external
|
|
|
The malleus, incus and stapes are _____ that transmit sound to the inner ear.
|
ossicles
|
|
|
In the inner ear, the vibrations are transmitted through _____ into the ___.
|
fluid into the cochlea
|
|
|
The auricle of the external ear is made of _____ cartilage and includes which structures?
|
elastic
helix/antihelix, tragus/antitragus, concha and lobule |
|
|
The _____ glands of the external acoustic meatus create ear wax.
|
ceruminous
|
|
|
The tension of the malleus creates a central depression or __ on the tympanic membrane.
|
umbo
|
|
|
What visible landmarks can you see when using an auriscope?
|
malleus (lateral process, handle, umbo), incus, stapes, cone of light, flaccid and tense parts
|
|
|
What sensory nerves go to the ear?
|
greater auricular and lesser occipital, auriculotemporal (V3, the main one), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X)
|
|
|
The lateral surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by the ___ and ____.
|
auriculotemporal (V3) and Vagus (X)
|
|
|
The Glossopharyngeal (IX) innervates what part of the ear?
|
The medial surface of the tympanic membrane
|
|
|
Inflammation in the middle ear can cause problems with which facial nerve branch?
|
Chorda Tympani conveys taste from anterior 2/3 tongue and Parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual glands via submandibular ganglion
|
|
|
Embryologically, the ear develops from _______ arches.
|
pharyngeal
|
|
|
The ____ ___ of the middle ear contains the ossicles and their muscles.
|
tympanic cavity
|
|
|
What opens the auditory tube?
|
Connecting the tympanic cavity and nasopharynx, the tube's tubal cartilage is opened by the levator/tensor palati and salpingopharyngeus muscles
|
|
|
Why is Otitis Media a concern?
|
Infection can spread through the Tegmen Tympani, a thin bone between the brain and tympanic cavity, causing meningitis or brain abscesses.
|
|
|
The ossicles amplify _____ from the wide tympanic membrane through narrow base of the stapes.
|
vibrations
|
|
|
Which muscle dampens extreme low frequency vibrations in the middle ear?
|
Tensor tympani (V3)- it controls the movement of the malleus
|
|
|
The stapes transmits vibrations through the ____ _ into the _____.
|
oval window into cochlea
|
|
|
The ______ muscle dampens extreme vibrations of the stapes. Which nerve innervates it?
|
STAPEDIUS, innervated by VII (Facial Nerve)
|
|
|
The cochlear scala vestibuli and scala tympani are separated by the ___ ___.
|
cochlear duct
|
|
|
The ___ meet each other at the helicotroma in the apex of the cochlea.
|
scala
|
|
|
Describe how sound is carried as it travels through the outer, middle and inner ear.
|
Outer ear - air waves
Middle ear - ossicle vibrations Inner ear - fluid vibrations |
|
|
What fluid fills the cochlear duct?
|
Endolymph (high K) is surrounded by perilymph, (high Na).
|
|
|
The __ window causes fluid vibrations in the perilymph. The ____ window absorbs outward displacements of fluid vibrations.
|
The OVAL window causes fluid vibrations in the perilymph. The ROUND window absorbs outward displacements of fluid vibrations.
|
|
|
In the organ of corti, inner and outer hair receptor cells respond to distortion by ____ membrane
|
tectorial. The sensitivity is regulated by neurons from the brain stem.
|
|
|
Vibrations in the perilymph push up against the ____ ____ to distort the receptor cells in the organ or Corti.
|
basilar membrane
|
|
|
TRUE or FALSE
Different parts of the cochlea respond to different frequencies. |
TRUE
↑ frequency = base of basilar membrane ↓ frequency = along length of basilar membrane |
|
|
Frequency (pitch) of incoming sound is coded by ________ and width from base to apex of basilar membrane.
|
Frequency (pitch) of incoming sound is coded by DIFFERENCE IN STIFFNESS and width from base to apex of basilar membrane.
|
|
|
The cochlear nerve is a portion of which cranial nerve?
|
CN VIII
(vestibulo-cochlear nerve) |
|
|
In the central auditory pathway...
a. these nuclei receive input from sensory neurons b. these nuclei receive input from both ears |
a. COCHLEAR nuclei
b. SUPERIOR OLIVE nuclei |
|
|
Disparity in time and intensity between R and L sounds localizes object in space.
Which one localizes low frequency sounds? Which one localizes high frequency sounds? |
INTERAURAL TIME DIFFERENCES localize low frequency sounds.
INTENSITY DIFFERENCES localize high frequency sounds. |
|
|
Input from the cochlear nuclei and superior olive project to the thalamus via the lateral lemniscus and what structure?
|
INFERIOR COLLICULUS
|
|
|
This portion of the thalamus projects sound to the cortex tonotopically.
|
MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY
|
|
|
This type of deafness is due to damage of tympanic membrane, ossicles, etc.
a. Sensorineural b. Central c. Conductive |
c. CONDUCTIVE
|
|
|
This type of deafness is due to damage of cochlea or cochlear portion of CN VIII.
a. Sensorineural b. Central c. Conductive |
a. SENSORINEURAL
|
|
|
This type of deafness is due to lesions of central pathways.
a. Sensorineural b. Central c. Conductive |
b. CENTRAL
|
|
|
In the auditory association complex, this area is for reading and writing
|
PARIETAL area
|
|
|
In the auditory association complex, this area is for language comprehension.
|
WERNICKE'S area (on left side)
|
|
|
There is lateralization of auditory functions on the right and left sides of the auditory association cortex. Which side deals with rhythm and which deals with melody?
|
Rhythm on LEFT
Melody on RIGHT |
|
|
Melodies are primarily associated with...
a. frontal lobe b. parietal lobe c. temporal lobe d. occipital lobe |
c. TEMPORAL lobe
|
