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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is an orthotic?
An orthotic is an appliance that controls or corrects structural abnormality of the foot.(Lorimer)
Name some musculoskeletal problems that might result from abnormal forces on the foot.
Abnormal forces can cause:
- Foot pain, hip, back, knee, calf, ankle problems
- tissue ulceration, callus, corns
When would you not use an orthosis?
Do not use an orthosis:
1) when the problem does not have a biomechanical origin.
2) where compliance is unlikely
What are the two main objectives of an orthotic?
The 2 main objectives of an orthotic are:
1) BALANCE THE FOOT IN NEUTRAL in gait or running
2) PREVENT COMPENSATORY MOTION occuring
What are the advantages/disadvantages of a simple insole?
Simple insoles:
-Cheap to make
-Quick to produce
-Well tolerated
BUT limited control possible
What are the advantages/disadvantages of a prefabricated device?
Prefabricated devices:
- Simple to dispense
- Immediate benefit
BUT
-Materials limited
-Made to fit "standard" feet
What are the advantages/disadvantages of a bespoke/casted orthosis?
Bespoke/casted device:
-Unique to individual patient
-Can make anything!
-Provides maximum control
BUT:
-Very expensive
-Time consuming process
-Fitting can be problematic
What is "positive casting"?
Positive casting refers to the production of an orthosis directly from the patent's foot.
Orthotic material is heated and the patient steps onto the material.
What materials can be used for positive casting?
Thermoplastic materials can be used for positive casting, including: Orthocork or Plastazote.
What are the advantages of positive casting?
Positive casting methods are
- quick (patient gets device immediately)
- generally less expensive
What is a functional device?
A functional device aims to alter foot function in gait. "Corrective"
What is an accommodative device?
An accommodative device is given to absorb or redistribute forces or pressure. "Protective"
What properties do thermoplastics have?
Thermoplastics:
1) soften when heated
2) harden on cooling
3) can be moulded/remoulded
Name some thermoplastic materials.
Thermoplastics include:
Polyethelene
EVA
Polypropylene
What materials might you use for covering an insole or orthotic device?
Covering materials include:
-Spenco
-Plastazote
-Leather
-PVC
What might you make out of Birkocork?
Birkocork is made from cork and comes in various thicknesses. It can be heated.
You can use it for:
-Posting or
-making a Shell
What can Plastazote be used for?
Plastazote is a polyethylene foam that can be used for:
1) making a soft/accommodating shell
2) as a top cover for an insole
What materials might make a good soft/accomodating shell?
Soft/accommodative shell:
1) EVA (medium/high density)
2) Birkocork
3) Plastazote
What materials would create a rigid/semi-rigid shell?
Rigid/semirigid shell:
1) Polypropylene
2) Polyethylene
3) Carbon fibre composites
4) Birkocork
What would make an accommodative insole for a diabetic foot at risk?
Plastazote top cover
Poron cushioning
EVA base/shell
What could you use to make a forefoot wedge?
Make a forefoot wedge from EVA or Semi Compressed Felt
When might you use Poron?
Poron is an open-cell polyurethane foam with exceptional cushioning and rebound properties.
It can be used for:
-footbeds
-top covers
-anywhere else where cushioning or shock absorption is required
What might you use as top covering?
Top coverings:
-Yampi (synthetic leather)
-Leather
-very thin EVA
-very thin Poron
Define "anisotropy"
An isotropic material's properties are the same in every direction.
An anistropic material's properties are direction-dependent.