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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is an orthotic?
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An orthotic is an appliance that controls or corrects structural abnormality of the foot.(Lorimer)
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Name some musculoskeletal problems that might result from abnormal forces on the foot.
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Abnormal forces can cause:
- Foot pain, hip, back, knee, calf, ankle problems - tissue ulceration, callus, corns |
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When would you not use an orthosis?
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Do not use an orthosis:
1) when the problem does not have a biomechanical origin. 2) where compliance is unlikely |
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What are the two main objectives of an orthotic?
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The 2 main objectives of an orthotic are:
1) BALANCE THE FOOT IN NEUTRAL in gait or running 2) PREVENT COMPENSATORY MOTION occuring |
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What are the advantages/disadvantages of a simple insole?
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Simple insoles:
-Cheap to make -Quick to produce -Well tolerated BUT limited control possible |
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What are the advantages/disadvantages of a prefabricated device?
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Prefabricated devices:
- Simple to dispense - Immediate benefit BUT -Materials limited -Made to fit "standard" feet |
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What are the advantages/disadvantages of a bespoke/casted orthosis?
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Bespoke/casted device:
-Unique to individual patient -Can make anything! -Provides maximum control BUT: -Very expensive -Time consuming process -Fitting can be problematic |
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What is "positive casting"?
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Positive casting refers to the production of an orthosis directly from the patent's foot.
Orthotic material is heated and the patient steps onto the material. |
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What materials can be used for positive casting?
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Thermoplastic materials can be used for positive casting, including: Orthocork or Plastazote.
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What are the advantages of positive casting?
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Positive casting methods are
- quick (patient gets device immediately) - generally less expensive |
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What is a functional device?
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A functional device aims to alter foot function in gait. "Corrective"
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What is an accommodative device?
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An accommodative device is given to absorb or redistribute forces or pressure. "Protective"
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What properties do thermoplastics have?
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Thermoplastics:
1) soften when heated 2) harden on cooling 3) can be moulded/remoulded |
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Name some thermoplastic materials.
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Thermoplastics include:
Polyethelene EVA Polypropylene |
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What materials might you use for covering an insole or orthotic device?
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Covering materials include:
-Spenco -Plastazote -Leather -PVC |
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What might you make out of Birkocork?
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Birkocork is made from cork and comes in various thicknesses. It can be heated.
You can use it for: -Posting or -making a Shell |
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What can Plastazote be used for?
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Plastazote is a polyethylene foam that can be used for:
1) making a soft/accommodating shell 2) as a top cover for an insole |
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What materials might make a good soft/accomodating shell?
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Soft/accommodative shell:
1) EVA (medium/high density) 2) Birkocork 3) Plastazote |
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What materials would create a rigid/semi-rigid shell?
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Rigid/semirigid shell:
1) Polypropylene 2) Polyethylene 3) Carbon fibre composites 4) Birkocork |
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What would make an accommodative insole for a diabetic foot at risk?
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Plastazote top cover
Poron cushioning EVA base/shell |
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What could you use to make a forefoot wedge?
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Make a forefoot wedge from EVA or Semi Compressed Felt
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When might you use Poron?
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Poron is an open-cell polyurethane foam with exceptional cushioning and rebound properties.
It can be used for: -footbeds -top covers -anywhere else where cushioning or shock absorption is required |
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What might you use as top covering?
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Top coverings:
-Yampi (synthetic leather) -Leather -very thin EVA -very thin Poron |
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Define "anisotropy"
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An isotropic material's properties are the same in every direction.
An anistropic material's properties are direction-dependent. |