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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of cartilage are intervertebral discs made up of?
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Fibrocartilage
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what are heterotopic bones?
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bones that form in soft tissues where they are not normally present (ex.horse riders)
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What are the types of synovial joints?
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1. pivot - uniaxial atlantoaxial joint
2. ball and socket - multiaxial joint,femur 3. plane - uniaxial, acromioclavicular joint 4. hinge -uniaxial, elbow joint 5. saddle - biaxial, thumb, TMJ 6. condyloid - biaxial; metacarpophalangeal |
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what are fibrous joints and give examples
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joined by fibrous tissue such as sutures
-syndesmosis type: partially movable as in the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna -gomphosis: between the root of the tooth and the alveolar process of the jaw |
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what are cartilaginous joints?
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united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. 2 types:
1. Primary: allow slight bending during early life, (epiphysial plate during bone development) 2. Secondary: united by fibrocartilage (intervertebral disc) |
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alkaline phosphatase is secreted by these cells during a fracture
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osteoblasts
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T/F Physical therapy may worsen or prolong myositis ossificans
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TRUE
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What is Myositis ossificans?
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heterotopic ossification of muscle
It is a frequent complication of muscular contusions and an associated hematoma |
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What condition is treated with R.I.C.E?
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Contusions
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What does R.I.C.E stand for?
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Rest
Ice Compression Elevation |
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What is Rhabdomyolysis?
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Breakdown of muscle fiber with leakage of potential toxic cellular contents into the systemic circulation
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What are the possible complications of rhabdomyolysis
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Hypovolemia
Hyperkalemia Metabolic acidosis- release of cellular phosphate and sulfate Acute renal failure DIC |
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what is a shoulder separation?
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Separation of the AC joint
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What is a shoulder dislocation?
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Separation of the glenohumeral joint
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What is the difference between a dislocation and a sublaxation of a joint?
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Dislocation: completely displacement
Subluxation: partial displacement |
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Whic grade fracture has the highest incidence of osteomyelitis and nonunion
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Grade 3 which are greater than 1 cm in length, or grossly contaminated, or associated with comminuted fractures and vascular injury
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describe the different types of open fractures
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Grade 1 open fractures have wounds less than 1cm in length,
grade 2 wounds are greater than 1cm, but clean w/o devitalization of tissue; grade 3 are greater than 1 cm in length, or grossly contaminated, or associated with comminuted fractures and vascular injury. |
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What are common complications of musculoskeletal injuries
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ARDS (fat embolism)
DVT Atelectasis Ectopic bone formation Nerve compression Osteomyelitis Compartment Syndrome |
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What is compartment syndrome?
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Increased pressure within one or more fascial compartments so that vascular perfusion is compromised.
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What type of cartilage makes up the symphysis pubis?
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Fibrocartilage
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Name the 4 types of bone cells that participate in formation and maintenance of bone tissue
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osteogenic cells
osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts |
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What hormone is thought to reduce the number and resorptive function of the osteoclasts?
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Calcitonin
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Give an example of a sesamoid bone
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Patella
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T/F All limb joints are synovial diarthroidal joints, which are enclosed in a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
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TRUE
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Enlarged or deformed bones, hearing loss and an elevated alkaline phosphatase level
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Paget's disease
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