Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define Anticipatory guidance
|
providing practical information about children to their parents in anticipation of milestones. i.e. Explaining to parents of infants the usual timing and sequence of eruption of deciduous teeth.
|
|
|
caries risk factors
|
i.e. elevated mutans streptococci
|
|
|
mechanisms of action of fluoride
|
1. increase resistance of tooth to acid dissolution 2. enhancement of process of remineralization 3. reduction of cariogenic potential of dental plaque
|
|
|
sealants
|
BIS-GMA resins placed on occlusal surfaces of teeth with deep pits to prevent caries. involves acid-etching for retention and light curing.
|
|
|
mixed dentition space analysis
|
a diagnostic technique used to predict the amount of spacing or crowding that will be present when the permanent teeth are erupted. It is usually performed between the ages of 7 and 10 when the permanent first molars and incisors are erupted into the oral cavity.
|
|
|
puberty gingivitis
|
gingival inflammation with enlargement of interdental areas, spontaneous or easily stimulated bleeding, and a response beyond that expected from local factors, thought to be exacerbated by hormonal fluctuation in adolescent females
|
|
|
ANUG
|
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis - an acute infection, usually attributed to stress, a decreased host resistance, or some other condition, that alters the host-bacteria .relationship between humans and Borrelia vincentii. Three clinical manifestations considered classic; pain foul odor and punched-out gingival lesions.
|
|
|
avulsion
|
the complete dislocation of a tooth out of the alveolus
|
|
|
nursing bottle caries
|
a specific pattern of early childhood caries involving maxillary primary incisors and first primary molars, usually develops as a result of prolonged exposure of the teeth to fermentable carbohydrates.
|
|
|
12. space maintainer
|
a fabricated appliance designed to hold the space for a tooth that has been lost prematurely.
|
|
|
stainless steel crown
|
a full coverage pre-fabricated restoration designed to maintain a deciduous tooth until time for exfoliation, without incurring the expense or time commitment of a cast restoration.
|
|
|
abrasion
|
loss of tooth structure caused by a hard toothbrush, poor brushing technique, or Bruxism (grinding or clenching the teeth)
|
|
|
abutment
|
tooth or teeth that support a fixed or removable bridge.
|
|
|
Acid etching (of enamel)
|
The treatment of the enamel surface of a tooth with an acid (e.g., H3PO4) to increase the surface area of the enamel and enhance the microstructural bonding characteristics of polymer restorative materials.
|
|
|
Air abrasion
|
removal of tooth structure by blasting a tooth with air and abrasive, a relatively new technology that may avoid the need for anesthetic.
|
|
|
Amalgam, dental
|
An alloy of silver, tin, copper and trace metals mixed with mercury which is used principally as a dental restorative material.
|
|
|
Analgesia
|
a state of pain relief; an agent lessening pain.
|
|
|
Articulate
|
To place the teeth in their proper relation to each other by adjusting the natural tooth surface or in the fabrication of a restoration.
|
|
|
Attrition
|
loss of structure due to natural wear.
|
|
|
Base
|
cement placed under a dental restoration to insulate the pulp (nerve chamber).
|
|
|
Bevel
|
The angle that one surface makes with another when they are not a right angles, i.e., bevel on the margin or preparation.
|
|
|
What are the two kinds of bevel?
|
long (1/3-2/3) and short (no more than 1/3, right angle)
|
|
|
Bite wings
|
caries (decay) detection x-rays.
|
|
|
Block injection
|
anesthesia of a nerve trunk that covers a large area of the jaw; a mandibular block injection produce numbness of the lower jaw, teeth, half the tongue.
|
|
|
Bonding
|
adhesive dental restoration technique; a tooth-colored composite resin to repair and/or change the color or shape of a tooth.
|
|
|
Burnish
|
To make or become shiny by rubbing
|
|
|
Cantilever bridge
|
fixed bridge that attaches to adjacent teeth only on one end
|
|
|
Composite resin
|
A restorative material made of a two-phase system; a dispersed phase of ceramic particles to a continuous phase of polymeric matrix.
|
|
|
Cuspid occlusion - (also cuspid rise)
|
A functional relationship of the teeth in which the maxillary and mandibular cuspids are the only teeth contacting on the working side in lateral function.
|
|
|
Epidemiology
|
study of the incidence of disease in a population.
|
|
|
Etching solutions
|
Acid solutions used to chemically clean the enamel, to improve wetability and capillary attraction, to increase the surface area available to contact the polymer, and to create micropores into which polymer tags can polymerize.
|
|
|
Eutetic
|
An alloy with a melting point lower than that of any other combination of the same components, e.g., silver 71.9% and copper 28.1%.
|
|
|
Filled Resin
|
Resin material with a two-phase system, one dispersed phase of high strength inorganic particles, and the other a continuous phase polymeric matrix.
|
|
|
Filler
|
An ingredient present in a pharmaceutical preparation for the purpose of providing bulk. In dentistry, it most often refers to the inorganic phase of a filled resin.
|
|
|
Finish Line -
|
Line of demarcation of the cavosurface margin of a cavity preparation.
|
|
|
Finish, Satin
|
The degree of smoothness of a polished surface which does not posses a high sheen.
|
|
|
Fistula
|
channel emanating pus from an infection site; a gum boil.
|
|
|
Flash
|
Excess restorative material beyond the cavosurface boundaries of a cavity preparation.
|
|
|
Gamma one (ϒ1)
|
Phase designation of dental amalgams following reaction with mercury which consist of Ag2Hg3.
|
|
|
Gamma two - (ϒ2)
|
Phase designation of some dental amalgams following reaction with mercury which consists of Sn7-8Hg.
|
|
|
Glaze
|
A transparent glass of unfilled resin veneer applied to provide a glossy, sealed surface.
|
|
|
Hydrocolloid
|
A colloid in which the dispersion medium is water. Used in dentistry as an agar based impression material.
|
|
|
Hyperemia
|
increased blood flow; may cause dental sensitivity to temperature and sweets; may precede an abscess.
|
|
|
Imbibition
|
Absorption of liquid.
|
|
|
Infiltration
|
local anesthetic procedure effective for upper teeth and soft tissue; placement of anesthetic under the gum, allowing it to seep into bone.
|
|
|
Infraocclusion
|
The position of a tooth or restoration when it fails to reach the occlusal plane.
|
|
|
inlay, indirect
|
filling made by a dental laboratory that is cemented or bonded into place, direct - placement of dental composite resin restoration at chairside.
|
|
|
Jacket
|
crown for a front tooth, usually made of porcelain.
|
|
|
Laminate
|
thin plastic or porcelain veneer produced in a dental laboratory and then bonded to a tooth.
|
|
|
Maryland bridge
|
a bridge that is bonded to the back of the adjacent teeth; requires minimum tooth reduction.
|
|
|
Matrix
|
A mechanical or artificial wall to complete the mold or cavity into which a plastic restorative material may be inserted.
|
|
|
Methyl methacrylate
|
An acrylic resin, CH2=C(CH)3COOCH3, derived from methyl acrylic acid. Monomer is the single molecule and polymerization product.
|
|
|
Microfilled Composite
|
A composite resin system that has an inorganic filler, SIO2 particles approximately -04um in size.
|
|
|
Mucogingival junction (MGJ)
|
meeting of thick, protective gingival tissue around the teeth and the friable mucous lining of the cheeks and lips.
|
|
|
NSAID
|
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, often used as a dental analgesic.
|
|
|
Onlay
|
laboratory produced restoration covering one or more cusps of a tooth.
|
|
|
Overjet
|
horozontal overlap of the front teeth.
|
|
|
Palliative treatment
|
non invasive relief of irritating conditions.
|
|
|
Parasthesia
|
a partial loss of sensation; may be temporary or permanent.
|
|
|
Percolation
|
1. The extraction of the soluble parts of a drug by causing a liquid solvent to flow slowly through it. 2. The pumping action of alternately pumping out the imbibing fluids at the tooth-restoration interface caused by temperature changes when the restorative material and tooth tissues have greatly differing coefficients of thermal change.
|
|
|
Plaster of Paris
|
1. Calcined calcium sulfate in the form of a fine powder. About one-half of the water of crystallization has been driven off, and when water is added, it solidifies to a porous mass that is used extensively in dentistry and in surgery. 2. The hemihydrate of calcium sulfate, which, when mixed with water, forms a paste which subsequently sets.
|
|
|
Plastic
|
A restorative material (e.g., amalgam, cement, gutta-percha, resins) that is soft at the time of insertion and may then be shaped or molded, after which it will harden or set.
|
|
|
Polishing
|
The art of process of making a denture or casting smooth and glossy. v. - To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to give luster to.
|
|
|
Pontic
|
replacement tooth mounted on a fixed or removal appliance.
|
|
|
Post
|
thin metal rod inserted into the root of a tooth after root canal therapy; provides retention for a "coping" that replaces lost tooth structure and retains crown.
|
|
|
Post and core
|
post and buildup to replace lost tooth structure and retain crown.
|
|
|
Resin
|
A broad term used to indicate organic substances that are usually translucent or transparent, soluble in ether, acetone, etc. but not in water.
|
|
|
Root caries
|
Cementoproximal cavities, cemental caries, cervical caries, senile caries and radicular caries, are all terms used to describe a soft, progressive lesion found anywhere on the root surface.
|
|
|
Scaling and root planning
|
meticulous removal of plaque and calculus from tooth surfaces.
|
|
|
Sealants
|
thin resin material bonded in the pits and fissures of back teeth for the prevention of decay.
|
|
|
Secondary dentin
|
reparative tooth structure produced by the pulp in response to tooth irritation.
|
|
|
Setting time
|
The elapsed time from the blending of the ingredients until the material hardens.
|
|
|
Splint
|
connection of two or more teeth so they function as a stronger single structure.
|
|
|
Stone
|
An abrading instrument or tool.
|
|
|
Syneresis
|
The exuding of water, as by a gel even when the gel is in water, when stored. It is accompanied by shrinkage of the gel
|
|
|
Tags
|
Microscopic projections of resin formed by a low viscosity resin flowing into microscopic porosited then polymerizing.
|
|
|
Trituration
|
The process of mixing mercury with dental amalgam alloy to form a plastic mass which is compacted into a prepared cavity where it hardens to form a dental amalgam restoration.
|
|
|
Veneer
|
plastic or porcelain facing bonded directly to a tooth to improve its appearance. See laminate.
|
|
|
Working time
|
The elapsed time from the blending of the ingredients until the material cannot be manipulated successfully.
|
|
|
Xerostomia
|
dry mouth or decrease in the production of saliva.
|
|
|
Abutment
|
a tooth, portion of a tooth or portion of an implant that serves to support and retain a prosthesis
|
|
|
Type III gold
|
an alloy of gold, copper and other metals of which the gold content is approximately 75%
|
|
|
High noble metal alloy
|
n alloy that is at least 60% noble metals and at least 40% gold
|
|
|
Predominately base metal alloy
|
an alloy that is less than 25% noble metal
|
|
|
Articulate
|
join together, as in casts on an articulator of teeth in the mouth
|
|
|
Boxing
|
enclosing an impression to form a base of a desired form and size when poured in plaster or stone
|
|
|
Cement
|
a material that upon hardening will bind objects together. The act of binding objects together
|
|
|
Clasp
|
a form of direct retainer of a removable partial denture that partially circumscribes an abutment tooth to provide retention and stability to the prosthesis
|
|
|
Core
|
artificial material such as resin, cement, amalgam, or cast metal to replace missing tooth structure in a crown preparation
|
|
|
Dental stone
|
the alpha form of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, whose physical properties are superior to the beta form (dental plaster)
|
|
|
Facebow
|
a caliper-like instrument used to record the spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to some anatomic reference point or points and then transfer this relationship to an articulator; it orients the dental cast in the same relationship to the opposing axis of the articulator. Customarily the anatomic references are the mandibular condyles transverse horizontal axis and one other selected anterior point
|
|
|
Flask
|
a case or tube used in the investing process of fabricating a prosthesis
|
|
|
Gingival retraction
|
the temporary displacement of the free marginal gingival away form the tooth to expose the margin or termination of the prepared surface for making an impression
|
|
|
Interocclusal record
|
a registration of the positional relationship of the opposing teeth or arches; a record of the positional relationship of the teeth or jaws to each other
|
|
|
Irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate
|
a hydrocolloid consisting of a sol of alginic acid having a physical state that is changed by an irreversible chemical reaction forming insoluble calcium alginate---called also alginate, dental alginate
|
|
|
Invest
|
to surround in an investing material
|
|
|
Investment
|
a plaster-like substance used to form a mold of a pattern of a crown or denture. The pattern is subsequently eliminated from the mold and the prosthetic material is injected, cast or placed into the investment mold
|
|
|
Matrix
|
a mold or impression in which something is formed
|
|
|
Methylmethacrylate
|
a specific acrylic resin used extensively in dentistry for denture bases and provisional fixed prostheses
|
|
|
Occlusion rims
|
occluding surfaces, usually made of was, made on interim or definitive denture bases for the purpose of making maxillo-mandibular records and setting denture teeth
|
|
|
Pontic
|
the replacement tooth or teeth in a fixed partial denture that substitutes for the missing natural tooth to teeth
|
|
|
Preparation
|
the act of reducing the natural tooth structure and core material with rotary burs and diamonds to the required shape and dimensions for placement of a restoration
|
|
|
Prosthetic prescription
|
a legally required document form a dentist directing a laboratory technician in the fabrication of a restoration of prosthesis
|
|
|
Rests
|
a portion of a removable partial denture framework that lies in a prepared area of an abutment tooth to aid in resisting movement of the denture
|
|
|
Indirect retainer
|
a portion of a removable partial denture, usually a rest, that aids in resisting occlusalward movement of the denture
|
|
|
Components of Dental Esthetics
|
Facial Components
Dental Components Gingival Components Physical Components |
|
|
Physical components
|
includes the morphology (shape) of the teeth, their shade and color, the relationship between the line angles on the teeth and the illusion of shape and size created by the contours of the teeth.
|
|
|
Facial midline
|
a reference line created by connecting the area between the middle of the eyes with the deepest part of the depression in the upper lip just below the nose (philtrum). Ideally, this line is perfectly vertical and bisects the nose and face. This is one of the most important landmarks in dental esthetics.
|
|
|
Commissures
|
the corners of the mouth.
|
|
|
Interincisal embrasures
|
the curved spaces between the proximal incisal edges of the incisor teeth.
|
|
|
Hue
|
the name of the color (red, blue, yellow, etc.)
|
|
|
Value
|
– the brightness of a color, usually represented by the amount of white to gray contained within a color.
|
|
|
Chroma
|
the saturation of the color. The relative amount of hue contained in a shade.
|
|
|
Shade
|
that combination of the hue, value and chroma that matches the tooth.
|
|
|
Endodontics
|
That branch of dentistry concerned with the morphology, physiology, and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues.
|
|
|
Root Canal Therapy (Non-surgical Endodontic Treatment)
|
Endodontic therapy for permanent teeth involves the chemical and mechanical cleaning and shaping of the root canal system and the subsequent root canal filling (obturation) to seal the canal system .
|
|
|
Endodontic Surgery (Surgical Endodontic Treatment)-
|
Surgical endodontics is a continuation of non-surgical treatment and involves the removal of pathological tissues surrounding the root apex as well as resection of the root to eliminate irritants in the terminal portion for the canal system which could not be removed during non-surgical treatment. Also included are the related procedures such as hemisection, root amputation, and replantation.
|
|
|
The Purpose of Endodontics
|
To eliminate pulpal and periradicular (periapical) disease and to promote healing and repair of the periradicular tissues.
|
|
|
What are the two procedures in vital pulp therapy?
|
pulp capping, pulpotomy
|
|
|
What is the scope of endodontics?
|
Differential diagnosis, vital pulp therapy, endodontic therapy, bleaching, surgical endo, replantation
|
|
|
what is the endodontic triad?
|
diagnosis, cleaning/shaing, 3D obturation
|
|
|
Abscess
|
a collection of localized pus
|
|
|
Access (preparation
|
the cavity prepared in the crown of a tooth to obtain adequate access for cleaning and shaping and obturation of the root canal(s).
|
|
|
Apicoectomy
|
commonly used surgical term for resection of the root and removal of the apex
|
|
|
Debridement
|
elimination of organic and inorganic substances from the root canal by mechanical and\or chemical means.
|
|
|
Gutta-Percha
|
the purified coagulated exudate from certain trees; a high molecular weight stereoisomer of the isoprene mer, similar to rubber
|
|
|
Gutta-Percha Point
|
a pliable, radiopaque cone manufactured from gutta-percha and added ingredients, available in various sizes and used to obturate root canals in conjunction with a sealer.
|
|
|
Obturate
|
to fill the root canal after cleaning and shaping.
|
|
|
Periapical Diagnosis
|
determination of the conditions of the tissues surrounding the apical portion of the root based on symptoms and the results of periapical diagnostic testing.
|
|
|
Symptomatic (Acute) Apical Periodontitis
|
inflammation, usually of the apical periodontium, producing clinical symptoms including painful response to biting and percussion. It may or may not be associated with an apical radiolucent area.
|
|
|
Asymptomatic (Chronic) Apical Periodontitis
|
inflammation and destruction of the apical periodontium that is of pulpal origin, appears as a periradicular radiolucent area and usually does not produce symptoms.
|
|
|
Condensing Osteitis
|
a diffuse radiopaque lesion believed to be a response to a
low-grade chronic pulpal irritation. |
|
|
Acute Apical Abscess
|
an inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection and necrosis characterized by rapid onset, spontaneous pain, tenderness of the tooth to pressure, pus formation and eventual swelling of associated tissues.
|
|
|
Chronic Apical Abscess
|
AN inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection and necrosis characterized by gradual onset, little or no discomfort and the intermittent discharge of pus through an associated sinus tract.
|
|
|
Reversible Pulpitis
|
pulp is mildly inflamed but does not require root canal treatment
|
|
|
Irreversible Pulpitis
|
pulp is very inflamed and root canal treatment is necessary
|
|
|
Pulp Necrosis
|
pulp is dead and root canal treatment is necessary
|
|
|
Sealer, Root Canal
|
a radiopaque dental cement used, usually in combination with a solid core material, to eliminate unfilled voids and to seal root canals during obturation.
|
