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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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list the four steps of how life evolved |
1) abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules (AA, nucleotides) 2) joining of these small molecules into macromolecules 3) packaging of these macromolecules into "protobionts" droplets with a membrane that maintain different internal chemistry than surrounding 4)origin of self- replicating molecules that made inheritance possible |
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where did life evolve |
-probably in water (deep see hydrothermal vents) -or in space (pansermia), came to earth in a meteor |
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3 geologic eons from oldest to most recent |
Archaean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic |
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what happened in the Archaean eon |
-origin of earth, first fossils appear -stromalites are formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding, and cementation of sedimentary gains by biofilms of microorganisms, especially cynobacteria |
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what are cynobacteria |
they are a photosynthetic prokaryote
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what happened in the Proterozoic eon |
-oldest eukaryotic fossils form |
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what are prokaryotes |
the first kind of cell to evolve (single- celled organism, no membrane- bound organelles) |
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what are eukaryotes |
-have a membrane- bound nucleus -all multi- cellular organisms are eukaryotes
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what are the three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon from oldest to most recent |
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic |
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what happened in the mesozoic era |
-dinosaurs dominated -first mammals appear -huge diversification of flowering plants and insects
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what happened in the paleozoic era |
-Cambrian explosion- all major kingdoms evolved -colonization of land by plants, animals, and fungi -diversification of vascular plants, seeds evolve -diversification of bony fishes -first insects appear
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what happened in the cenozoic era |
(present) -mammals dominate -birds radiate -gradual cooling -first hominids/ humans |
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define taxonomy |
branch of biology that names and classifies species
morphology- comparing species by what they look like |
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what are the three domains |
bacteria, archaea, and eukarya |
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what does a binomial include (referring to taxonomy) |
a Genus and a specific epitheet |
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name the 8 ways to classify organisms in order from larhest to smallest |
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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define systematics |
determining the evolutionary relationship between species |
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what are phylogenic trees used for |
to depict hypotheses about evolutionary relationships -indicate a pattern of descent from the last common ancestor |
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define cladistics |
a method in systematics that groups species into clades based on common ancestry |
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define clade |
a group of species and all its descendents |
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define shared ancestral character |
shared among individuals in a clade, but evolved in an ancestor of that clade |
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define shared derived character |
shared among individuals in a clade AND unique to that clade |
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define parsimoy |
the simplest explanation is the best one |
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define molecular systematics |
using DNA to make phylogenies |
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what are ribozymes |
short RNA fragments that can concentrate together and replicate themselves |
