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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"What motivates?"
^ Which specific theory applies to this question? |
Content Theory
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"How does it motivate?"
^ Which specific theory relates to this question? |
Process Theory
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What is Transformational leadership?
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Transformational leadership is leadership that creates voluble and positive change in the followers. A transformational leader focuses on "transforming" others to help each other, to look out for each other, be encouraging, harmonious, and look out for the organization as a whole.
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Which theorist came up with the ERG theory?
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Alderfer
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"Factors that must be satisfied first."
^ Theory? Created by? |
2 Factor Theory
Herzberg |
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What does ERG stand for?
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Existence
Relatedness Growth |
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Who came up with the ERG theory?
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Alderfer
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What other theory is related to ERG?
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Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" pyramid
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True or False?
Leaders are born, rather than taught. |
False
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True or False?
Effective leaders are those with certain physical traits. |
False
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Clayton Alderfer's pyramid is made up of how many parts?
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5.
/ 5 \ / 4 \ /1 2 3 \ |
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Alderfer's Pyramid:
1, 2, 3 = ? 4 = ? 5 = ? |
1,2,3 = Existence
4 = Relatedness 5= Growth |
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Existence is made up of?
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(Physiological + Safety Needs)
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Relatedness is made up of?
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(Social + External Esteem Needs)
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Growth is made up of?
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(Self-Actualization + Internal Esteem Needs)
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How does Alderfer's theory differ from Maslow's highly structured hierarchy of needs?
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The order of needs is flexible: 1,2,3,4,5 can be at different levels on the pyramid for different people.
Different levels of needs can be pursued simultaneously. If higher levels of needs remain unfulfilled, person may regress to lower levels that are easier to satisfy. (Frustration-regression principal) |
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According to fortune 500:
Most CEO's are? Suggesting that people select by... Is this a reliable theory? |
White Males 6'2'' or taller.
Select by observation. No |
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What motivational book was mentioned in class?
Who wrote it? |
"The Leadership Challenge"
Koozes + Posner |
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This theory involves two activity groups.
Hint: Not about traits Theory? Groups? |
Behavioral Leadership Theories
Task groups People groups |
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Behavioral Leadership Theories:
Which universities / people came to the same conclusion that: "Everyone has their own behavioral style." |
Ohio State, Michigan State.
Blake + Mouton |
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Another name for the "2 Factor Theory"
Name? What are the 2 factors? Who's theory? |
Hygiene Theory
Hygiene + True Motivators Frederick Herzberg |
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Hygiene Includes conditions such as?
Often leads to job ______ because these conditions are not always satisfied. |
Company Policy
Supervision Relationship w/ Boss Salary Relationship w/ Peers Job Dissatisfaction |
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True motivators include?
Most often leads to job ______. |
Achievement
Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement Personal Growth Job Satisfaction |
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What is theory X?
What is theory Y? Who came up with both theories? |
X- People avoid work/ authoritative management
Y- People are responsible and like to work independently Douglass McGregor: 1961 |
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Today we like to believe that people reside more towards theory X or Y?
What about today's work setting lets us believe this? |
Y
The fact that work is more team oriented in today's work setting. |
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What overall type of theory would X-Y be called?
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Content Theory
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Who would argue that:
"High achievement people want an achievable challenge." What type of theory is this? |
David Mclelland
Theory of needs. |
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Theory of Needs:
What are the three needs? |
Power
Achievement Affliction |
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What is afflication?
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People need to feel accepted by other people.
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What is power?
Hint: Two types |
Personal power:
Want to direct others. Institutional (social) power: Want to organize efforts of others to benefit organization. |
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What is Professor Wudyka's theory of needs profile?
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Power = Low
Achievement = High Affliction = Low |
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Who was involved with the Job Design / Motivation Theory?
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Hackman + Oldham
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What 5 "tools for motivation" make up job design theory/ motivation theory?
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Skill Variety
Task Identity Task significance Autonomy Feedback |
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What is skill variety?
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Multiple responsibilities
Side note: As apposed to Fred Taylor's narrow tasks... |
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What best describes task identity?
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"We did it!"
Feeling proud that a task was completed by a certain group or person. = Motivation |
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What best describes task significance?
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The purpose the task serves in society.
Ex from class: The pen maker that is proud and confident that their pens are the best, and they benefit society. |
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What best describes autonomy?
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Independence. Ability to make decisions on your own.
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What best describes Feedback?
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The results of the work you put in to complete a certain task.
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A list to consider why we join groups:
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Similar Interests
Support Make Friends Incentives / Benefits Status Unity Power Self-esteem Similar goals Affliction Security.... |
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A major difference between groups and teams:
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Groups can be informal or formal.
Formal: Common Goal Informal: No common Goal Teams most often = Common goal |
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When considering teams:
"More than the sum of parts." refers to? |
Synergy
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Some strengths involved with groups/ teams. List:
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Strengths:
Different opinions considered More education/ knowledge involved Split up tasks Creativity Participation "Buy-in" Numbers More accurate decision-making |
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Some weaknesses involved with groups/ teams
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Group think = pride to be in group overtakes the reason why you support the group.
Satisfaction- may not be there Disagreements Time consumption- must be dedicated |
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What is coercive power?
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Coercive power is used to force someone to do something against their will.
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What is reward power?
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Reward power is the ability to give other people what they want, and therefore ask them to perform tasks in exchange for the reward.
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What is legitimate power?
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This type of power is an official social position that is not necessarily based upon the attributes of the person but rather the position to which they are assigned.
President's, Kings, Managers.... |
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What is expert power?
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Involved with specialized positions such as doctors, lawyers, professional anything... since they are experts, they have the power to convince us that something is what it is.
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What is referent power?
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Identification with the leader.
Ex. Leader shoveling snow with a common worker, builds respect, sets an example. |
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Who came up with Power Taxonomy (power classifications)
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French + Ravens
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Employees / people are usually more cooperative when leaders show:
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Charisma
Friendliness Reason Good will Humility Bargaining Coalition building Higher Authority Assertiveness - (not always) |
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This person was a contingency theorist / psychologist who would argue that money dissatisfies.
Also involved in leadership styles... |
Fred Fiedler
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Contingency:
What did Fiedler suggest about behavioral styles? |
They cannot be changed.
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Contingency:
What best describes situational leadership? |
You can't change your behavioral style.
Situational Leaders should: Adapt to a certain situation, and lead the best way in order to resolve the situation. How we usually lead vs. How we should lead... |
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A book mentioned in class related to contingency theories:
"One Minute Manager" Authors? |
Hersey - Blanchard
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What do romance theories suggest?
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Charisma attributes to effectiveness in leadership.
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A good way to remember what charisma is..
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Rearrange letters:
Is a charm |
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What best describes feedback?
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The results from performing a certain task.
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What is transactional leadership?
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More non-personal leadership, involved in focusing on what needs to be done, looking at everything as a transaction of information or tasks.
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5 step cycle of high performance groups?
5 steps |
Forming
Storming Norming Performing Adjourning |
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Forming:
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Get together, get to know eachother
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Storming:
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Core positions, get the things that you want
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Norming:
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Conform to the norms or unwritten rules in order to make participation easier.
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Performing:
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Getting tasks done
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Adjourning:
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Group or team comes to an end, or loss of a member
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Dominant coalition:
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When the leaders of a group are powerful and believe that their choices are best for group.
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How can smaller groups influence larger groups?
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Smaller groups take care of smaller details that make the whole group function properly.
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Why shouldn't a leader express their opinion on something before asking others opinions?
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Their opinion will alter the opinions of others, and most will just choose to agree with the leader.
May not be best opinion |
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What is attribution theory?
Why is it used? |
When we attribute successes to leaders whether or not they deserve the congratulations.
So we can also attribute failures to the leader whether or not they deserved it. |
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Cognitive evaluation theory
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Things that can happen that will decrease motivation.
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Goal Setting Theory
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Judging personalities thrive in goal setting.
A company with no goals, will not go anywhere. |
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Expectancy
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A question of ones ability to complete something.
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Valence
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Taking value in the outcome of work/ school.
Look at it as an investment. |
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High Achievement Need Theory:
If Power is highest on one's list of 3 needs what type of work setting would be best? |
Big organization
(Controlling of people for the better of a large organization) |
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High Achievement Need Theory:
If Affiliation is highest on a list of 3 needs, the best work setting would be? |
Big organization / successful organization
(position would be recognized) |
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High Achievement Need Theory:
If Achievement is highest on a list of 3 needs, the easiest work setting would most likely be? |
Smaller organizations
(achievements would be recognized) |
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According to the 2 factor theory, which factors must be satisfied first for continuous motivation?
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Hygiene factors
(pay, coworkers, supervision, working conditions) |
