Organizational Information Systems

Front 1

Transaction Process System (TPS)

Back 1

monitors, collects, stores and processes data generated from all business transactions

Front 2

Source data automation

Back 2

the process of automating the TPS data entry as much as possible because of the large volume involved.

Front 3

Batch Processing

Back 3

a firm collects dataa from transactions as they occur, placing them in groups or batches, then prepares and processes the batches periodically.

Front 4

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

Back 4

when business transactions are processed online as soon as they occur.

Front 5

Functional Information Systems or Management Information Systems (MISs) or Functional Area IS

Back 5

provide information to managers (usually middle-level managers) in the functional areas.

Also support planning, organizing, and controlling operations.

Front 6

Routine reports

Back 6

scheduled

Front 7

Ad-hoc reports

Back 7

on demand
-drill-down reports
-key-indicator reports
-comparative reports

Front 8

exception reports

Back 8

outside the norm

Front 9

Information Systems for Specific Functional AreasEnterprise

Back 9

Information Systems that are designed to support a functional area by increasing its internal effectiveness and efficiency in the following areas: accounting, finance, marketing, operations (POM), and human resources management functional areas.

Front 10

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Back 10

integrate the planning, management and use of all resources of the organization.

-main objective is to tightly integrate the functional areas of the organization and to enable seamless information flows across the functional areas.

Front 11

Business process

Back 11

a set of related steps or procedures designed to produce a specific outcome

Front 12

Best practices

Back 12

the most successful solutions or problem-solving methods for achieving a business objective

Front 13

drawbacks to ERP systems

Back 13

can be extremely complex, expensive and time-consuming to implement.

Front 14

Customer relationship Management (CRM)

Back 14

an enterprisewide effort to aquire and retain customers

Front 15

Customer touch point

Back 15

a method of interaction with a costomer, such as telephone, email, a customer service or help desk, convetional mail, Web site and store.

Front 16

CRM - sales

Back 16

sales force automation (SFA)

Front 17

CRM - marketing

Back 17

support marketing campaigns and provide opportunities for cross-selling, up-selling and bundling.

Front 18

CRM - customer service

Back 18

can take many web-based forms

Front 19

Sales force automation (SFA)

Back 19

functions provide such data as sales prospect and contact information, product information, product configurations and sales quotes.

Front 20

cross-selling

Back 20

refers to the marketing of complementary products to customers.

Front 21

up-selling

Back 21

the marketing of higher-value products or services to new or existing customers

Front 22

bundling

Back 22

is a type of cross-selling in which a combination of products is sold together at a lower price than the combined costs of the individual products.

Front 23

customer service function

Back 23

provides information and tools to make call centers, help desks and customer support staff more efficient.

ex. tracking account or order status, personalized web pages, FAQs, email and automated responses, call centers

Front 24

supply chain

Back 24

the flow of materials, information, money and services from raw material suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers.

Front 25

supply chain management (SCM)

Back 25

the function of planning, organizing and optimizing the supply chain's activities

Front 26

Interorganizational information system (ISO)

Back 26

involves information flowing among two or more organizations

Front 27

Global infomration Systems

Back 27

interorganizational information system that connects companies in two or more countries

Front 28

Upstream (supply chain)

Back 28

where sourcing or procurement from external suppliers occurs

Front 29

Internal (supply chain)

Back 29

where packaging, assembly or manufacturing takes place

Front 30

Downstream (supply chain)

Back 30

where distribution takes place frequently by external distributors

Front 31

Tiers of suppliers

Back 31

a supplier may have one or more subsuppliers, and the subsupplier may have its own subsupplier and so on.

Front 32

material flows

Back 32

raw products that flow through the supply chain

Front 33

reverse flows

Back 33

returned products, recycled products and disposal of materials or products.

Front 34

information flows

Back 34

all data related to demand, shipments, orders, returns and schedules as well as changes in any of these data.

Front 35

financial flows

Back 35

are all transfers of money, payments and credit-related data.

Front 36

product life cycle

Back 36

A supply chain involves a product life cycle approach, from “dirt to dust”.

Front 37

problems along the supply chain

Back 37

-Poor customer service – not delivering products or services when and where the customers need them.
-Poor quality product
-High inventory costs
-Loss of revenues
-New technologies

Front 38

bullwhip effect

Back 38

erratic shifts in orders up and down the supply chain

Front 39

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

Back 39

is a communication standard that enables business partners to exchange routine documents, such as purchase orders, electronically.

Front 40

EDI translator

Back 40

converts data into a standard format before it is transmitted

Front 41

Business transactions message

Back 41

repetitive business transactions such as purchase orders, invoices, credit approvals, shipping notices and confirmations.

Front 42

EDI benefits

Back 42

Minimize data entry errors
Length of messages are shorter
Messages are secured
Reduces cycle time
Increases productivity
Enhances customer service
Minimizes paper usage and storage

Front 43

EDI Limitations

Back 43

Significant initial investment to implement
Ongoing operating costs are high due to the use of expensive, private VANs
Traditional EDI system is inflexible
Long startup period
Multiple EDI standards exist

Front 44

Extranet

Back 44

links business partners to one another over the internet by providing access to certain areas of each other's corporate intranets

fosters collaboration between business partners

open to selected B2B suppliers, customers and other business partners.