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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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McClelland’s need for achievement is characterised by a desire to:
a. solve problems b. influence others’ behaviour c. be responsible for other people d. emphasise higher-order needs |
solve problems
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Operant conditioning is illustrated by:
a. Pavlov’s dog salivating at the bell b. a department store manager congratulating employees for replacing product on demand c. a previous reaction when asked to step into the boss’s office d. a person experiencing a sharp pain when seeing an electric prod after being tortured with one |
a department store manager congratulating employees for replacing product on demand
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Kolb’s learning theory is an example of:
a. Social Learning Theory b. Classical Conditioning Theory c. Operant Conditioning Theory d. Experiential Learning Theory |
Experiential Learning Theory
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Empowerment is:
a. a means of achieving an upside-down pyramid organisation b. a means of giving middle managers more power to do their jobs properly c. a means for managers to give employees greater responsibility to balance personal and organisational goals d. an essential requirement in new workplaces |
a means for managers to give employees greater responsibility to
balance personal and organisational goals |
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Content motivation theories are represented by:
a. Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McClelland b. Maslow, Vroom, Alderfer and Herzberg c. Alderfer, McClelland, Vroom and Adams d. Alderfer, Maslow, Herzberg and Adams |
Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McClelland
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An individual’s willingness to perform is directly related to their:
a. needs, expectations, rewards b. needs, expectations, values c. expectations, values, effort d. expectations, competencies, needs |
needs, expectations, values
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Single loop learning is concerned with:
a. the understanding and reflecting upon experience b. innovation and creativity c. learning by rote, with an emphasis on memorisation rather than comprehension d. accessing, retrieving and capturing knowledge |
learning by rote, with an emphasis on memorisation rather than comprehension
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When a worker meets his/her production quota to avoid nagging by the supervisor it is an example of:
a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. extinction d. punishment |
negative reinforcement
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The difference between organizational learning and teaching organizations is:
a. organizational learning is done by individuals whereas teaching organizations are those that teach all employees b. none c. teaching organizations aim to pass on learning to others to achieve and maintain success, whereas organizational learning is simply the sum of all learning in the organization d. teaching organizations aim to pass on learning to others to achieve and maintain success, whereas organizational learning explains the process of acquiring or developing knowledge that can change behaviour and improve performance |
teaching organizations aim to pass on learning to others to achieve and maintain success, whereas organizational learning explains the process of acquiring or developing knowledge that can change behaviour and improve performance
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The three needs in Alderfer’s modification of Maslow’s theory are existence, relatedness and:
a. growth b. achievement c. power d. affiliation |
achievement
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Herzberg suggested that performance can be improved by:
a. emphasising instrumentality b. stressing higher-order needs c. adding satisfiers to people’s jobs d. adding hygienes to people’s jobs |
adding satisfiers to people’s jobs
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The three acquired needs in McClelland’s theory are:
a. achievement, affiliation, self-actualisation b. achievement, affiliation, power c. achievement, safety, power d. achievement, affiliation, security |
achievement, affiliation, power
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ERG theory is the work of:
a. Maslow Herzberg c. Adams d. Alderfer |
Alderfer
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The need for love or affection or the sense of belongingness in one’s relationships is known as:
a. self-actualisation b. social c. safety d. security |
safety
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A continuous reinforcement schedule, as compared to an intermittent reinforcement schedule:
a. is more durable b. is less costly c. is more costly d. is more disliked by subordinates |
is more costly
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The key terms in expectancy theory are:
a. expectancy, instrumentality, valence b. instrumentality, equity, tension c. valence, desirability, instrumentality d. tension, valence, expectancy |
expectancy, instrumentality, valence
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The meaning of pay from an equity theory perspective is:
a. pay is an object of social comparison b. pay is only one of many work valued rewards c. pay is one of the extrinsic rewards that a manager may use d. pay is one of the intrinsic rewards that a manager may use |
pay is an object of social comparison
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Self-management strategies include:
a. behavioural-focused and cognitive-focused strategies b. cognitive-focused strategies only c. behavioural-focused strategies only d. classical and cognitive focused strategies |
behavioural-focused and cognitive-focused strategies
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Extinction is:
a. The stopping of undesirable behaviour by punishment b. The withdrawal of the reinforcing consequences of behaviour c. When behaviour changes as a result of successive punishments d. The administration of negative consequences that lead to behavioural changes |
The withdrawal of the reinforcing consequences of behaviour
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of the following are examples of extrinsic work rewards EXCEPT::
a. use of a company car b. stock options c. piped-in music d. sense of personal accomplishment from a job well done |
sense of personal accomplishment from a job well done
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Extrinsic rewards:
a. tend to be large in magnitude b. are similar to needs c. are expensive to administer d. are given to the individual by someone else |
are given to the individual by someone else
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Which of the following is NOT a strategy or technique for empowering employees?
a. provide emotional support b. encourage job mastery c. provide appropriate feedback d. surrender all power |
surrender all power
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Learning is:
a. a relatively temporary change in behaviour resulting from experience b. not related to behaviour or experience c. a relatively permanent change in behaviour resulting from experience d. concerned with both permanent and temporary changes |
a relatively permanent change in behaviour resulting from experience
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Which of the following is NOT included in general approaches to learning?
a. social learning b. operant conditioning c. motivation learning d. cognitive learning |
motivation learning
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Process theories:
a. are thought to be static and descriptive b. lend insight into people’s needs c. are weakly linked with work efforts. d. provide an understanding of the thoughts that influence behaviour |
provide an understanding of the thoughts that influence behaviour
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Alderfer’s modification of Maslow’s theory puts the need levels into how many different categories?
a. three b. four c. five d. six |
three
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Which of the following are considered higher-order needs?
a. self-actualisation and social b. esteem and social c. esteem and self-actualisation d. self-actualisation and safety |
esteem and self-actualisation
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Herzberg’s work:
a. has been fully approved by OB experts b. led Maslow to develop his own theory c. is a form of process motivation theory d. is quite controversial |
is quite controversial
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Self-management strategies are related most closely to:
a. social learning theory b. extinction c. negative reinforcement d. operant conditioning |
social learning theory
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Withholding reinforcement for a behaviour that has previously been positively reinforced is known as:
a. shaping b. classical conditioning c. extinction d. avoidance |
extinction
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People acquiring new behaviours by directly observing and then imitating the behaviour of others is called:
a. shaping b. positive reinforcement c. social learning d. cognitive conditioning |
social learning
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