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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lo6: the Process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect something that the first party cares about is the definition of?
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Conflict
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lo6: Constructive forms of conflict that improve group performance is what type of conflict?
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Functional
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lo6: destructive forms of conflict that hinder group performance is what type of conflict?
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Dysfunctional
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lo6: the 5 conflict management strategies are:
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-forcing -problem solving -avoiding -yielding -compromising |
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lo6: imposing one's will on the other party is what type of conflict management strategy
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forcing
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lo6: ________ strategy is used: - in emergencies - on important but unpopular issues -on vital issues when you know you are right -against people who take advantage of noncompetitive behaviour |
Forcing
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Lo6: Clarifying differences to find mutually beneficial outcomes is?
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problem solving
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lo6: ______ strategy is used: - if both sets of concern are too important to be compromised - to merge different perspectives -to gain commitment through a consensus -to mend a relationship |
Problem solving
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lo6: ignoring or minimizing the importance of the issues creating the conflict is?
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Avoiding
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lo6: _______ strategy is used: - when an issue is trival -when your concerns will not be met -when potential disruption outweighs the benefits of resolution - to let people cool down and regain perspective |
avoiding
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lo6: placing the interest of others above your own is an example of what type of conflict managing strategy?
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Yielding
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lo6: _______ is used - when you find you are wrong - to show reasonableness -when issues are more important to others than yourself - to build social credits for later issues - when harmony and stability are especially important |
yielding
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lo6: Balancing concern for oneself with concern for another party in order to reach a solution is?
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the Compromising strategy
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lo6: _____ is used - when goals are important but not worth more assertive approaches -when opponents are committed to mutually exclusive goals - to achieve temporary settlements to complex issues -to arrive at the expedient solutions under pressure |
compromising strategy
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lo6: a process in which two or more parties exchange goods or services and try to agree upon the exchange rate for them is known as?
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Negotiation
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lo6: the two general approaches to negotiation are?
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-distributive -integrative |
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lo6: Distributive bargaining:
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-fixed amount of resources to be divided -I win; you lose -opposed to each other -short-term relationship |
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lo6: Integrative Bargaining:
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- variable amount of resource to be divided - I win; you win - convert or congruent wit heachother -long-term relationship |
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lo7: A capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B, so that B acts in accordance with A's wishes. is the definition of?
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Power
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lo7: there are 6 bases of power What are they?
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-coercive -reward -legitimate -expert -referent -information |
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lo7: power that is based on fear is ?
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coercive power
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lo7: power that achieves compliance based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable is?
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Reward power
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lo7: power that a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization is?
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Legitimate power
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lo7: power that is influence based on special skills or knowledge is?
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expert power
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lo7: influence based on possession by an individual of desirable resources or personal traits is?
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referent power
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lo7: power that comes from access to and control over information is?
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Information power
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lo7: how does dependency affect power?
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to maximize your power, you will want to increase others' dependence on you. the more dependent they are on you the more control you have over them.
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lo7: what are the dependency factors?
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-scarcity -nonsubstitutability -importance |
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lo7: if nobody wants what you have, there is no dependency, the things you control must be perceived as _______.
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Important
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lo7: if something is plentiful, possession of it will not increase your power. A resource must be perceived as _______ to create dependency.
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Scarce
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lo7: Fewer __________ for a resource, the more power comes from control over that resource.
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substitutes
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lo7: ________ are ways that individuals translate power bases into specific actions
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influence tactics
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lo7: list the 9 influence tactics
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-rational persuasion -inspirational appeals -consultation -ingratiation -personal appeals -exchange -coalition -pressure -legitimacy |
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lo7: explain the relationship between power and harassment.
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people who engage in harassment in the workplace are typically abusing their power position.
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lo7: ______________ are the activities that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization
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Organizational politics
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lo7: within organizations, we can find a variety of political activities in which people engage. these include the following:
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-attacking or blaming others -using information -managing impression -building support for ideas -praising others -building coalitions -associating with influential people - creating obligations |
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lo8: what is the difference between mangers and leaders?
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managers promote stability while leaders press for change and only organizations that embrace both sides of the contradiction can survive in turbulent times
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lo8:_________ theories that consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non leaders
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Trait Theories
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lo8: _________ are theories that propose that specific behaviors differentiate leaders from non leaders
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behavioral
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lo8: _______ are theories that propose that leadership effectiveness is dependent on the situation
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situational, or contingency
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lo8: a leadership theory that says it is the leader's jobs to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their individual goals are compatible with the overall goals of the group or organization.
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the path-goal theory
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lo8: According to the path-goal theory, leaders should follow what three guidelines to be effective?
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-determine the outcome subordinates want. -reward individuals with their desired outcomes -let individuals know what they need to do to receive rewards |
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lo8: the path-goal theory identifies four leadership behaviors that might be used in different situations to motivate individuals. they are?
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- the directive leader -the supportive leader - the participative leader -the achievement- oriented leader |
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lo8: A_________ leader lets followers know what is expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks. - used when individuals have trouble staying on task |
Directive leader
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lo8: a __________ leader is friendly and shows concern for the needs of followers. this is synonyms with the Ohio state dimension of consideration -used when individuals are under a lot of stress and need support |
Supportive leader
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lo8: a ________ leader consults with followers and uses their suggestions before making decisions. this behavior is most appropriate when individuals need to buy in to decisions.
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Participated leader
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lo8:a __________ leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level. -works well with individuals who like challenges and are highly motivated. |
achievement oriented
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lo9: in the real world most people do not follow the rational model. people are usually content to find a reasonable solution to their problem over an optimal one. these decision makers rely on?
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-bounded rationality -satisficing -intuition making decisions |
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lo9: how can the bounded rationality, satisficing, and intuition decision making processes result in bad decisions.
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they may rely on judgment shortcuts, which can lead to overconfidence bias, anchoring bias confirmation bias, availability bias, escalation of commitment, randomness error, risk aversion, and hindsight bias
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lo9: strengths of group decision making
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-groups generate more complete information and knowledge. - offers an increased diversity of views -lead to increased acceptance of a solution |
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lo9: weaknesses of group decision making
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-time -consuming b/c groups typically take more time to reach a solution -there are conformity pressures - group discussions can be dominated by one or a few members -group decisions suffer from ambiguous responsibilities |
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lo9: a phenomenon in which group pressures for conformity prevent the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views is the definition of?
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Group think
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lo9: what are the symptoms of groupthink?
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-illusion of invulnerability -assumption of morality -rationalized resistance -peer pressure -minimized doubts -illusion of unanimity |
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lo9: what can managers do to minimize groupthink?
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-monitor group size -encourage group leaders to play an important role -appoint one group member to play the role of devil's advocate - stimulate active discussion of diverse alternatives to encourage dissenting views and more objective evaluations |
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lo9: a phenomenon in which the initial positions of individual group members become exaggerated b/c of the interactions of the group. is known as
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group shift
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lo9: what are the group decision making techniques?
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- interacting groups -brainstorming -nominal group techniques |
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lo9: typical groups, in which members interact with each other face to face are?
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interacting groups
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lo9: an idea-generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives while withholding any criticism of those alternatives.
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brainstorming
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lo9: a group decision-making method in which individual members meet face to face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion is called?
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nominal group technique
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lo9: a meeting in which members interact on computers, allowing for anonymity of comments and aggregation of votes is know as?
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Electronic meetings
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lo9: study of moral values or principals that guide our behavior and inform us whether actions are right or wrong is the definition of?
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Ethics
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lo9: what are the four criteria we can use to help make ethical decisions?
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-utilitarianism -an emphasis on "rights" -to impose and enforce rules fairly and impartial (justice) -Care |
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lo10: a System of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations is known as?
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Organizational culture
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lo10: what are the 7 primary characteristics of organizational culture
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-innovation and risk taking -attention to detail -outcome orientation -people orientation -team orientation -aggressiveness -stability |
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lo10:how can a strong culture hurt an organizations effectiveness? |
-in a strong culture the method of control is used - there are high standards -and work restrictions |
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lo10: how can a strong culture improve organizational culture?
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-a greater work ethic -a sense of identity for employees -provides a frame work |
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lo10: how can organizations maintain and strengthen their culture
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-selection -top management -socialization |
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lo10:________: identify and hire individuals who will fit in with the culture
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selection
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lo10: ______________: senior executives establish and communicate the norms of the organization.
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top management
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lo10: ________: organizations need to teach the culture to new employees
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socialization
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lo11:what are the three steps in the Lewins model?
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-unfreezing the status quo> moving to a new state >refreezing the new change to make it permanent.
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lo11: individual sources of resistance to change reside in basic human characteristics such as perceptions, personalities, and needs. four reasons why individuals may resist change are:
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-self-interest -misunderstanding and lack of trust -different assessments -low tolerance for change |
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lo11: six major sources of organizational resistance to change are?
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-structural inertia -limited focus of change - group inertia -threat to expertise - threat to established power relationships -threat to established resource allocations |
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lo11: education and communication, participation and involvement, building support and commitment, developing positive relationships, implementing change fairly, manipulation and co-optation, selecting people to accept change, explicit and implicit coercion. are all examples of?
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overcoming resistance to change
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