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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classes of Echinodermata
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Crinoida, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea
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Echinodermata characteristics
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Marine
Unsegmented bodies Pentaradial symmetry Body pentamerous Head absent |
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Water-Vascular system
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In all echinoderms, usually in association with madreporite
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What is the structure for echinoderm movement?
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Tube feet
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Is the echinoderm digestive system complete?
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yes, but lacking excretory organs
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How do echinoderms respire?
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Dermal Branchiae= Skin Gills = Papulae. Also Tube feet, respiratory tree, and Bursae
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Echinoderm Nervous System?
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Circumoral ring and radial nerves. The sensory system is poorly developed
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do echinoderms demonstrate sexual dimorphism?
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usually yes
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Where does fertilization occur with Echinoderms?
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Externally
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Define autotomy
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The self-amputation and subsequent regeneration that Echinoderms can do
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Asteroidea: What is an example of one, and what phylum is it?
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Example is sea star, phylum echinodermata
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What are the structures of an Asteroidea's digestive system?
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Mouth, Esophagus, Cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach ( pair of pyloric caecae in each arm), intestine/rectum, anus
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Ophiuroidea: What phylum? What is an example of a species?
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Phylum: Echinodermata
Species: Brittle star or Basket star |
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What is the largest class of Echinodermata?
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Ophiuroidea
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What are the larvae of Ophiuroidea called?
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ophiopluteus
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Echinoidea: What phylum? what is an example of a species?
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Phylum: Echinodermata
Species: Sea Urchins,Sea Biscuits, Sand Dollars |
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Echinoidea tests: what's up with them?
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10 double rows of calcium carbonate plates, ambulacral and inter-ambulacral
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What is Aristotle's Lantern?
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Echinoidea mouth, Consists of 5 teeth surrounding mouth.
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Echinoidea Larvae called ____?
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Pluteus
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Holothuridea: Phylum and example of species
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Phylum: Echinodermata
Species: Sea Cucumber |
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Holothuridea oral end consists of:
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mouth and retractile tentacles
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Holothuroidea respiration
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By respiratory tree
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Holothuroidea larvae called:
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auricularia
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Evisceration
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The process of autotomy that some sea cucumbers (class holothuroidea) do. They eject their guts to escape predators, guts regenerate.
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Crinoidea: What phylum, and give an example species.
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Phylum: Echinodermata
Species:Sea Lillies, Feather stars |
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Are Crinoidea mostly sessile or motile?
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Mostly sessile
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Sea lillies: what class, and how do they move?
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Class Crinoidea. They don't move, they are attached to substrate by stalk
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Feather stars: What class, and are they sessile or motile?
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Class Crinoidea. Feather stars are free swimming as adults
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Calyx
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Body disc of Crinoidea. along with the arms, forms the Crown.
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Crown
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Calyx and Arms of Crinoidea
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Cirri
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Line stalk, help with feeding by moving food down the arm, into mouth.
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Crinoidea larvae called:
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Doliolaria
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What is the Chordate:
A) Symmetry, and body segmentation B) # of Layers of germ cells C) Coelom development (relative) |
Bilateral Symmetry
Segmented Bodies Triploblastic Coelom Well developed |
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Chordate Circulatory System
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Closed, with a ventral heart and dorsal & ventral vessels
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Chordate Digestive system
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Complete
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Do Chordates have endo skeletons or exoskeletons
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BOTH ya dingus! Some species have one or the other or both.
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Characteristic features of Chordates (4)
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1) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
2) Notochord (ventral to nerve chord) 3) paired pharyngeal gill slits 4) Post-anal tail not always expressed in adults |
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Describe the Chordate Nerve Chord in vertebrates and invertebrates, and how it is produced
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Hollow and dorsal, anterior end forms brain. Produced by folding of ectoderm. Invertebrates: chord is ventral, solid and paired. Vertebrates: have the nerve chord in neural arches of vertebrae, and they have the solid brain surrounded by cartaligenous/bony cranium
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What is a notochord?
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Found in Chordates, formed from the mesoderm. Extends length of body in most chordates ( vertebrates especially, notochord replaced by cartilage/bony vertebrae
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What are the paired pharyngeal slits?
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Form from invagination of ectoderm, evagination of endoderm. go from pharynx to exterior. In higher vertebrates, slits do not break through pharynx
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Hemichordates: Give an example of a class
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Enteropneusta
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What are the characteristic differences between hemichordates and chordates?
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Hemichordates don't have notochord or true dorsal nerve chord
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Enteropneusta Characteristics
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marine, mostly worm-like
live in burrows or secreted tubes |
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Enteropneusta bodyplan:
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Proboscis, Collar, and Trunk
Mouth located ventrally between proboscis and collar. |
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Enteropneusta respiration
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NO gills, only gill slits bellow pharynx. gas exchange occurs internally, H2O goes in through mouth.
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Enteropneusta digestive system
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Complete, deposit feeders. food adheres to proboscis, then moved by cilia to mouth.
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Enteropneusta circulatory system
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open
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Enteropneusta nerve chord present?
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yes, in collar, sometimes hollow.
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Enteropneusta reproduction
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dioecious, external fertilization. Numerous paired gonads
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Enteropneusta larvae called:
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Tornaria
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What is a Urochordata?
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Subphylum of Phylum Chordata, also known as tunicata
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What is a class of Urochordata, and an example species?
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Ascidiacea, Sea squirts ( tunicates)
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What class and phylum are sea squirts?
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Phylum: Chordata, subphylum urachordata, class Ascidiacea
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urochordata larva characteristics
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Do not feed
Free-Swimming Attach to substrate by adhesive papillae |
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How does a urochordate larva form into an adult?
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Free-swimming larvae attach to substrate by adhesive papillae. Then, the tail is absorbed and notochord, muscles and nervous systems degenerate. Finally, respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems develop
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What is the body plan of an adult Tunicate
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has two siphons, 1) incurrent is called Buccal, and 2) excurrent is called atrial
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What covers the body of a urachordate tunicate
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Tunic (type of cellulose)
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Tunicate reproduction
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Monoeicious, and most can do asexual reproduction
Fertilization may be internal or external |
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Cephalochordata: what is it?
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Subphylum of phylum chordata
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Cephalochordata characteristics
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Burrow into the ground and lave the anterior end protruded to filter feed
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Cephalochordata feeding
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Filter feed, have an oral hood with tentacles
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How many openings does a cephalochordate have, and where and what are they?
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3 openings. 1) mouth, anterior end, used for feeding. 2) atriopore, located mid-ventrally, where water and gametes exit. 3) anus, posterior,food leaves
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Cephalochordata nervous system:
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tubular chord with paired segmental nerves
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Cephalochordata circulatory system:
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Contract arteries, no heart
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Cephalochordata reproduction:
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Dioecious, numerous gonads, gametes exit via atriopore, external fertilization
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