Organismic Lab Practical 3

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organelles associated with storage or manufacture of carbohydrates

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plastids

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plastids that contain pigments other than chlorophyll (usually yellow or orange)

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chromoplasts

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carbohydrates are often stored in this form (deep purple dots)

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starch

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needle-like crystals formed as metabolic by-products of plants (found is banana peels)

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raphides

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compound crystals formed as metabolic by-products of plants (found in pith of Geranium)

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druses

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thinnest plant tissue

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parenchyma

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medium-thickness cells around the vessels, get caught in your teeth when you eat celery, flexible

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collenchyma

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thickest plant tissue, adjacent to xylem and phloem

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sclerenchyma

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fungus experts

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mycologists

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water molds (phylum)

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Phylum Oomycota

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bundle of hyphae

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mycelium

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distinct mycelium

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thalloid

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cellular slime molds (phylum)

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Dictyosteliomycota

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plasmodial or true slime molds (phylum)

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Myxomycota

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informal taxonomic ground united by biflagellate zoospores

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Stramenopila

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lacking cell walls

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coenocytic

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ingest dead organic material

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saprobes

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a rot just below the soil that causes young seedlings to fall over and die

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damping off

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potato blight

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Phytophthora infestans

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dessicated dormant resting stage of plasmodium

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sclerotium

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single/multi cellular structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi

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sorocarp

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decompose large amounts of dead organic matter

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saprotrophs

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root and fungi associations

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mycorrhizae

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a cross-wall, similar to cell wall

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septa

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two non-identical nuclei within each cell

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dikaryotic

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a type of zoospore of many chytridiomycetes common to almost any freshwater body

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encysted

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a variety of terrestrial and freshwater saprobes, parasites and pathogens. the most imfamous of which parasitize amphibians (phylum) coenocytic.

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Chytridiomycota

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a phylum of invasive and aggressive saprobes and pathogens. including a number of opportunistic human pathogens

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Zygomycota

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simple mating system of the phylum zygomycota

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mating type

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thick walled dormant structure of the phylum zygomycota

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zygosporangium

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a wide variety of "sac" fungi including penicillin

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Phylum Ascomycota

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Phylum of fungi including the edible mushrooms

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Basidiomycota

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pathogens of cereals from the phylum basidiomycota

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rusts

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digest outside cell, use cell wall and plasma membrane to bring particles inside

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absorptive nutrition

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club shapted reproductive structures of club fungi that produce ___spores during sexual reproduction

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basidium (basidiospores)

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brown algae

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Phylum Phaeophyta

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anchor of the kelp

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holdfast

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vegetative body of an organism

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thallus

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diatoms

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Phylum Bacillariophyta

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accumulated shells of diatoms commercially used as abrasives and filters

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diatomaceous earth

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Golden algae

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Phylum Chrysophyta

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Red algae

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Phylum Rhodophyta

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Dinoflagellates

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Phylum Dinophyta

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dinoflagellates reproduce rapidly to produce these

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red tides or algal blooms

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green algae

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Phylum Chlorophyta

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symbiosis of a fungus (usually an ascomycete) and an algae (usually Chlorophyta). form when nutrition or moisture conditions become hostile

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lichens

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type of lichen, scale-like

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crustose

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branched, stringy type of lichen

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fruticose

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leaf-like type of lichen

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foliose

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key used to determine species, etc

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Dichotomous key

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a waxy covering on aboveground structures

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cuticle

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mosses

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Phylum Bryophyta

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short threads of cells that anchor bryophytes to ground

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rhizoids

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specialized male structure on the gametophyte

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antheridia

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specialized female structure on the gametophyte

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archegonia

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stoneworts

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Phylum Charophyta

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multiplication of cells near the tip of the plant

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apical growth

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liverworts

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Phylum Hepatophyta

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liverworts are the most primitive land plants and lack this feature which is typical of land plants

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stomata

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liverwort structure which utilizes rain drops for its asexual cycle

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gemma cups

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long and greenish structure (2n) in the sporangium of some liverworts, facilitates spore dispersal

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elaters

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hornworts

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Phylum Anthocerophyta

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a green, usually branched, threadlike or sometimes platelike growth from a bryophyte spore; it gives rise to "leafy" gametophytes

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protonema

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the lid or cap that protects the peristome of a moss sporangium

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operculum