Organismal Biology Final

Front 1

Empirical thought relies on _____ to form a hypothesis

Back 1

observation

Front 2

Over evolutionary time, ____ acts to make populations more similar, while _____ acts to make them diverge.

Back 2

gene flow, natural selection

Front 3

A population of plants has two alleles that code for leaf shape. The dominating allele has a frequency of 0.6, while the recessive allele has a frequency of 0.4. What would you conclude about the genotype frequencies in the population?

Back 3

The heterozygote genotype is most common

Front 4

Which of the following would most likely result in a bottleneck event

Back 4

A hurricane blows through a coastal swanmp, killing 98% of the snails in a population

Front 5

What is a hypothesis

Back 5

a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable

Front 6

scientists propose that there may have been four stages in the origin of life. Place these stages in the order in which they have been hypothesized to occur.
i. formation of cell-like membrane
ii. polymerization of nucleotides and amino acids
iii. formation of the building blocks
iv. self-replication and enzymatic action evolve

Back 6

iii-ii-i-iv

Front 7

Darwin made four observations that influenced his thinking about evolution by natural selection. Whic of the following observations was NOT par of Charles Darwin's ideas about natural selection?

Back 7

Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes

Front 8

Twenty squirrels from a large population in a 5000-hectare forest disperse to live in a smaller forest fragment 12 miles away. Scientsis compare allel frequencies in the two population immediately after dispersal, and find that the most common allele in the large population is completely absent from the small population. What evolutionary process or processes best explains this finding

Back 8

genetic drift and founder effect in the small population

Front 9

Cacti in the deserts of the southwestern North America and plants called euphorbs found in the desterts of Africa have barrel-shaped stems, short-lived leaves, and spines. However, these two types of plants are from different evolutionary lineages. This is an example of

Back 9

convergent evolution

Front 10

In humans, sickle-cell anemia is caused by an allel that results in abnormal hemoglobin, which sickles red blood cells in certain situations. INdividuals who are heterozygous for normal and sickle-cell allels are protected from malaria; homozygous normal has no protection and homozygous sickle-cell has symptoms such as low tolerance for exertion and a shortened life span. This is an example of

Back 10

blanacing selection

Front 11

Molecular homology can be tested by comparing the

Back 11

sequences of amino acids of various proteins in different sepecies

Front 12

If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of

Back 12

hybrid inviability

Front 13

If a population is in Hardy-weinber equilibrium this means that

Back 13

The frequency of alleles in the population is not changing and the population is not adapting and evolution is not occuring

Front 14

Which of the following would be a statement most like the ideas of Lamark

Back 14

An insect eats a species of plant and this induces a permanent change in the insect, allowin its offspring to eat that species of plant

Front 15

Natural selection acts on the level of the________while evolution acts on the level of the _______

Back 15

individual; population

Front 16

In_______ selection, individuals at one extreme of a phenotypic distribution have greater reproductive success

Back 16

directional

Front 17

The extraterrestrial hypothesis for the formation of prebioltic organic molecules is based on

Back 17

the hypothesis that the early Earth was bombared with meterorites that carried organic carbon, observations that carbonaceours chondritic meteorites contain organic carbon, and the hypothesis that meteorits could have provided a significant amount of organic carbon to the early earth

Front 18

Which of theses would violate the conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg equation

Back 18

Natural selection is occuring

Front 19

Two species of fruit flies are identical in appearance but will not interbreed. these species of fruit flies are considered to be distinct species based on the

Back 19

biological species concept

Front 20

A gene pool is

Back 20

all the genes in a population

Front 21

scientists have discovered a protein called PAX6 that is involved in the formation of eyes in mice. Humans have a protein called Anaridia that ahas the same function. The amino acid sequiences of these tow proteins are 90% identical. Does this finding support the idea of evolution by natural selection

Back 21

Yes, it suggests decent from a common ancestor with some modification in the trait over time

Front 22

American sycamore and European sycamore are tree species that will interbreed if planted nearby but will not normally interbreed because they occur on different continents. THis is an example of

Back 22

habitat isolation

Front 23

Evolutionary biology often uses data from genomes to discover relationships among differnt species of organisms. This is because the study of genomes provides

Back 23

data on the gentetic make-up of different species, which revelas past evolutionary history

Front 24

which of the following situations would be LEAST likely to produce a new species

Back 24

several individuals join an existing population and introduce new alleles to the population

Front 25

In the Hardy-Weinber equation, the letters p and q represent

Back 25

frequencies of alleles in a population

Front 26

An important message from the work of Thomas Malthus that influenced Chales darwin was

Back 26

only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce

Front 27

The following population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: frequency of GG=35 frequency of Gg=50, and frequency of gg=15

Back 27

False

Front 28

Two species of three=spined stickleback fish live in a single lake in British Coumbia. They are closely related but occupy different niches. They exist nowhere else. These species most likely arose by sympatric speciation from a sing species of three-spined stickleback

Back 28

true

Front 29

Darwin was the first person to propose the idea of evolution

Back 29

false

Front 30

Pangaea was a single supercontinent in which most of the landmasses were joined together

Back 30

true

Front 31

In comparing the ideas of Darwin and Lamarck, Darwin viewed individual variation in a species as bein selected by the environment, while Lamarck suggestd that individual variation arose in response tot he environment

Back 31

true

Front 32

Populations are static units that change little from on generation to the next

Back 32

false

Front 33

Proteomics and organismal biology can be studied together to understand how changes in proteins may influence the ecology of organisms

Back 33

true

Front 34

Aspecies is a group of organisms that maintain a distinctive set of attributes in nature

Back 34

true

Front 35

The adaptive significance of sexual reproduction is that it

Back 35

diversifies genotypes thereby allowing faster evolutionary responses to changing environments