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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dissolve in water
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simple alcohols, simple carboxylic acids, propanone, simple aldehydes, simple amines and their salts: ph>7 amines, <7 carboxylic acis, phenols
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dissolve in dilute acid but may not dissolve in water
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amines
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dissolve in aqueous alkali but may not dissolve in water
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carboxylic acids, phenols
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burns with smoky flame
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aromatic, unsaturated e.g. alkene
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birns with a clean flame
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saturated low molar mass compound
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no residue on ignition
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most lower molar mass compounds
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warm with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)
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orange to green solution, primary or secondary alcohol, aldehyde
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shake with bromine water
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yellow dolution decolorised: alkene. white precipitate also formed: phenol
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warm with aqueous sodium/potassium hydroxide, acidify with dilute nitraic acid then add aqueous silver nitrate
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precipitate: white C-Cl, cream C-Br, yellow C-I
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phosphorous(V) chloride
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steamy fumes of HCl that turn damp blue litmus paper red: OH group in alcohols and carboxylic acids
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2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution
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orange precipitate, C=O group in aldehydes and ketones
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boil with Fehling's or Benedict's solution
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blue solution gives red precipitate: aldehyde
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warm with ammoniacal silver nitrate (Tollens' reagent)
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silver mirror, aldehyde
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sodium or potassium carbonate or hydrogencarbonate solution
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effervescence, carboxylic acid
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small piece of sodium
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effervescence, sodium dissolves, white solid formed: alcohol, phenol, or carboxylic acid
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warm with carboxylic acid and a few drops on concentrated sulfuric acid
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ester smell, e.g. glue-like: alcohol
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sodium nitrate and diulte hydrochloric acid fllowed by an alkaline solution of phenol in ico-cold conditions
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orange precipitate, aromatic amine
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iodine in alkaline solution
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pale yellow precipite: methy ketone or ethanal, methyl secondary alcohol or ethanol
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C-H alkane IR
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strong, 2965-2850
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C-H alkene IR
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3095-3010 medium, 1000-700 strong
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C-H aldehyde IR
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2900-2820 weak, 2775-2700 weak
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O-H IR
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3650-3590, sharp, monomer alchol. 3420-3200 strong braod alchohol hydrogen bonded. 3300-3250 variable broad carboxylic acid
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N-H IR
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3500 amine
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C=O IR
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1725-1705 ketone, strong. 1740-1720 aldehyde, strong
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C-X halogen IR
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strong: F 1400-1000; Cl 800-600; Br 600-500; I 500 (approx)
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