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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

monomer

small molecule ( stable bond)

polymer

large or many molecule

dehydration

removes water from molecule, forming a new bond

hydrolysis

process of splitting of a polymer by adding water


catalyzed by a hydrolysis enzyme

dehydration synthesis

enzyme help break down molecules

protiens

chains of amino acids

polypeptides

polymers of amino acids (proteins are polypeptides with more complex, 3 dimentional structure)

peptide bond

result of dehydration synthesis between 2 amino acids


chain of amino acids (sets shape of amino acids)

primary structure

amino acid sequence

secondary structure

alpha helix


beta pleated sheet

tertiary

folding into 3 dimensional shape of protein

Quaternary

two or more polypeptides(with tertiary structure) combine to form final macromoleule

protein function

* enzymes catalyze_ catalyze chemical reactions


*cell membrane channels that allow materials in or out


*cell receptors in the membrane or within cells. bind to hormones or other signalers and initiate or stop chemical reactions within the cell


*sub-cellular structure_ organelle membranes, histones that support DNA molecules

protein function

*supportive and connective tissue


*muscle function


*hair and fingernails


*support,metabolic, transport, regulation, motion

lipid characteristics

*hydrocarbons_can be a chain or ring shaped


*nonpolar_ carbon and hydrogen atoms bound covalently


can be converted from one form to another often found bound to polar molecules such as proteins



lipid function

*cell membrane


*steroid hormones


*energy storage (adipose tissue)


*cushioning (knee joint)


*yellow bone marrow




*long-term energy storage, membrane components

Nucleic acids

sugar_ deoxyribose/ribose


Bases_DNA( adenine,guanine, thymine, cytosine)


RNA (adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine)


Strands_ double- stranded with base pairing single- stranded


Helix_ yes/ No



nucleic acids functions

storage of genetic information

charbohydrates

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Charbohydrates functions

immediate energy and stored energy; membrane components