Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is heritability?
|
measure of the degree of which offspring resemble their parents
|
|
|
what is additive genetic variance (VA)?
|
component of variation in the parents that can be passed on to the offspring
|
|
|
what is selection differential (S)?
|
(mean of selected parents) - (mean of entire parent generation), change in mean phenotype due only to selection
|
|
|
what is response to selection (R)?
|
(mean of offspring) - (mean of entire parent generation)
|
|
|
what is pleiotropy?
|
same genes influencing phenotype 1 are also influencing phenotype 2
|
|
|
what is allometry?
|
study of how a trait changes relative to body size changes
|
|
|
what is heterochrony?
|
evolution changing the rate or timing of growth uniformly (not uniform, not hterochrony)
|
|
|
what is hypermorphosis?
|
take period of growth and extend it
|
|
|
what is additive genetic covariance?
|
the covariance of one trait, phi 1, in the parents with another, phi 2, in their offspring
|
|
|
what is progenesis?
|
shortening the growth trajectory
|
|
|
what is sexual selection?
|
theory that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by intraspecific competition.
|
|
|
what is isogamy?
|
all gametes are the same size
|
|
|
what is anisogamy?
|
some gametes are large and others are small
|
|
|
what is runaway sexual selection?
|
an initial preference among females for some trait, then females are selected to mate with males that have the preferred trait just because it is to their advantage to have sons who exhibit that trait. If the genes controlling the male trait are genetically correlated with those that control the female preference, then an increase in either the preference or the trait tends to carry the other along with it. THis can lead to extreme traits and preferences, even though the male traits serve no other function and may reduce his viability
|
|
|
what are indicator models?
|
expression of the trait in a male may be a good indicator of overall high genetic fitness
|
|
|
what is frequency dependent selection?
|
the fitness of an individual depends on the frequency of different strategies in the population, does not maximize fitness
|
|
|
what is evolutionarily stable strategy?
|
a state in which all strategies have the same fitness and nobody could increase their fitness by switching to another strategy
|
|
|
what is altruism?
|
doing something that increases another individual's fitness while reducing your own
|
|
|
what is reciprocal altruism?
|
an individual may help another, at a short term cost to itself, if there is sufficient chance that the other individual will later repay the favor
|
|
|
what is environmental variance?
|
the measure of how much of the variation of a particular phenotype is due to environmental factors
|
|
|
what is group selection?
|
the idea that alleles may become fixed or spread in a population because of the benefits they bestow on groups, regardless of the allele's effect on the fitness of individuals within the groups
|
