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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What extracts organic bases and organic acids?
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Aqueous acids extra organic bases and aqueous bases extract organic acids.
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What is distillation?
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It is used to separate compounds with different boiling points. When two compounds in a liquid mixture are heated, the one with the lower boiling point will vaporize first, leaving behind the higher boiling point compound, which will also vaporize once its boiling point is reached. The vapors can be condensed and collected, yielding two pure compounds.
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What is crystallization?
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It is a type of purification involving the heating of a solid in a solution until the solvent evaporates. The crystallization of a precipitate follows as the supersaturated solution cools.
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What is chromatography?
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It is the separation of the components of a mixture based on differences in solubility and polarity.
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What are the four types of chromatography?
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Thin-layer chromatography
Column chromatography Gas chromatography High-performance liquid chromatography |
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What is thin-layer chromatography (TLC)?
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It incorporates a thin layer of stationary phase on a flat surface, usually a glass or plastic plate. The distances traveled by the components of the mixture because of capillary action permit the identification of these components on the basis of characteristic polarity.
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What is column chromatography?
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It can be thought of as inverted TLC. Rather than traveling across a plate it runs down a column.
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What is gas chromatography?
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It requires the evaporation of a mixture. the vapors are passed through inert gas, the mobile phase, and through a column with the stationary phase.
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What is high-performance liquid chromatography?
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It is done at high pressure with liquids as the mobile phase. The degree of absorbency of ultraviolight light indicates the flow rate of a compound.
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If the natural frequency of the molecule equals the energy what is the formula?
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E = hv
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Common IR spectrums
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Table on 186
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When an electron spins, what does the spin create?
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A magnetic field.
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When does shielding and deshielding occur?
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If the magnetic field the electron creates reduces the strength of the applied field, the proton is shielded; if it enhances the applied field the proton is deshielded. Shielding creates an upfield shift, to the right, and deshiedling creates a downfield shift, to the left.
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Chemical shift values
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Memorize table on 188.
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