Organic Chemistry Terms: Chapter 24

Front 1

active site

Back 1

the region of an enzyme that binds the substrate and catalyzes the reacion.

Front 2

amino acid

Back 2

literally, any molecule containing both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).

Front 3

biomimetic synthesis

Back 3

a laboratory synthesis that is pattern after biological synthesis

Front 4

complete proteins

Back 4

proteins that provide all the essential amino acids in about the right proportions for human nutrition.

Front 5

conjugated protein

Back 5

a protein that contains a nonprotein prosthetic group such as sugar, nucleic acid, lipid, or metal ion.

Front 6

C terminus

Back 6

the end of the peptide chain with a free or derivatized carboxyl group.

Front 7

denaturation

Back 7

an unnatural alteration of the conformation of the ionic state of a protein.

Front 8

zwitterion

Back 8

a structure with an overall charge of zero but having two substituents, one positive, and one negative in charge.

Front 9

disulfide linkage

Back 9

a bond between two cysteine residues formed by mild oxidation of their thiol groups to a disulfide.

Front 10

Edman degradation

Back 10

a method for removing and identifying the N-terminal amino acid from a peptide without destroying the rest of the peptide chain.
The peptide is treated with phenlisothiocyanate, formed by a mild acid hydrolysis to convert the N-terminal amino acid to its phenylthiohydanatoin derivative.

Front 11

electrophorensis

Back 11

a proceure for eparating charged molecules by their migration in a strong electric field. The direction and rate of migration are governed largely by the average charges on the molecules.

Front 12

enzyme

Back 12

a protein-containing biological catalist

Front 13

essential amino acids

Back 13

amino acids that are not naturally biosynthesized byhumans and must be provided in the diet

Front 14

fibrous proteins

Back 14

a class of proteins that are stringy, tough, threadlike, and usually insoluble in water.

Front 15

globular proteins

Back 15

class of proteins that are relatively spherical in shape and generally have lower molecular weights and are more soluble in water than fibrous proteins.