Organic Chemistry Terms: Chapter 19

Front 1

acylation

Back 1

addition of an acyl group (R-CO-, usually replacign a hydrogen atom.

Front 2

acetylation

Back 2

acylation by an acetyl group (Ch3-CO)

Front 3

amine oxide

Back 3

tertiary amine with it's fourth bond to an oxygen atom with a negative charge.

Front 4

diazotization of an amine

Back 4

the reaction of a primary amine with nitrous acid to form a diazonium salt.

Front 5

exhaustive alkylation

Back 5

treatment of an amine with an excess of an alkylating agent (often methyl iodide) to form the quaternary ammonium salt.

Front 6

Gabriel amine synthesis

Back 6

synthesis of primary amines by alkylation of the potassium salt of phthalimide, followed by displacement of the amine by hydrazine.

Front 7

Hofmann elimination

Back 7

elimination of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide with an amine as the leaving group. usually ives the least-substituted alkene

Front 8

Hofmann degradation

Back 8

treatment of a primary amine with sodium ydroxide and bromine or chlorine gives a primary amine

Front 9

hydroxylamine

Back 9

the compound H2NOH, an amine with a hydroxy group

Front 10

nitrile

Back 10

(cyano group)-R

Front 11

nitrogen inversion

Back 11

inversion of configuration of a nitrogen atom in which the lone pair moves from one face of the molecule to the other. The transition state is planar, with the lone pair in a p orbital

Front 12

nitrosamine

Back 12

an amine wiht a nitroso group (-N=0) bonded to the amine nitrogen atom. The reaction of secondary amines with nitrous acid gives secondary nitrosamines.

Front 13

phase-transfer catalyst

Back 13

a compound (such as a quaternary ammonium halide) that is soluble both in water and organic solvents and that helps reagents move between the two phases.

Front 14

Reductive amination

Back 14

the reduction of an imine or oxime derivative of a ketone or aldehyde.

Front 15

Sandmeyer reaction

Back 15

replacement of the -N triple bond N group to an arenediazonium salt by cuprous salt.

Front 16

sulfonamide

Back 16

an amide of a sulfonic acid. The nitrogen analogue of a sulfonic ester.

Front 17

sulfonamide

Back 17

an amide of a sulfonic acid. The nitrogen analogue of a sulfonic ester.