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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the "vital force" hypothesis?
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Living systems possess a "vital force" that is necessary to produce organic compounds. Organic compounds can only be produced by living organisms, or from other organic compounds.
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What is the significance of Friedrich Wohler?
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He disproved the "vital force" hypothesis through his experiments with silver cyanate (inorganic) and ammonium chloride (organic). They produced urea (organic) instead of the expected ammonium cyanate (inorganic).
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Alkane
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a saturated hydrocarbon
*maximum number of H atoms possible for # of C atoms present *contains only C and H |
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Molecular formula
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gives elements present and number of each type of atom
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Structural formula
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gives elements present, number of each type of atom, and shows how atoms are connected through bonds
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Covalent Bond
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a shared pair of electrons
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CH4
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Methane
Simplest organic molecule |
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Octet Rule
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2nd period elements prefer to form compounds in which the atom is surrounded by a total of 8 electrons
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3-Dimensional representation:
normal line wedge dashed wedge |
normal line- bond is in the plane
wedge- bond is above the plane, toward you dashed wedge- bond is below the plane, away from you |
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Isomers
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molecules having the same molecular formula, but different structures
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Constitutional isomers
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also known as structural isomers, same molecular formula, but different bonding connectivity
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Lewis structures
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show bonding connectivity and lone pairs (bonding and non-bonding electrons)
*do NOT show 3D arrangement of atoms within the molecule |
