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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acidity rules
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1. ^electronegativity = ^ acidity
2.^hybridization =^ acidity 3.^ size = ^ acidity 4.^ substituents = ^ acidity 5.^delocalization = ^ acidity |
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lewis acids and bases
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acid= e pair acceptor
base= e pair donor |
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pKa
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determines acidity
strong acid: pKa >1 pKa = -logKa |
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heisenberg uncertainty principle
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we dont know the precise location or momentum of an electron
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electronegativity
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a measure of the ability of an atom to pull bonding electrons towards itself
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thermodynamics
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description of a reaction at equilibrium
how much of each product and reactant when rxn reaches equilibrium |
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kinetics
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explanation of the rates of chemical reactions
tells us how fast reactants are converted to products |
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Keq
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=(products)^number in front of molecule/(reactants)^number in front of molecule
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stability in relation to equilibrium
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^ stability = ^ concentration of compound at equilibrium
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gibbs free energy
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-deltaG= products are more stable
exergonic +deltaG= products are less stable endergonic |
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enthalpy
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is a description of the heat given off or consumed during the course of a reaction
E=bonds broken-bonds formed - = exothermic (bonds formed are stronger) + = endothermic (bonds formed are weaker) |
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entropy
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measure of the freedom of movement in a system
-S = molecules form bond +S = molecules break bond |
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G, H, and S relationship
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G = H - TS
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rate of reaction factors
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1. # of collisions
2. fraction of collisions that occur with sufficient energy 3. fraction of collisions that occur with the proper orientation |
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the order of reactions
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add the numbers in front of the reactants to find the order of reaction
A+2B --> C; 1+2=3 order reaction |
