Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
isomers
|
different compounds with same molecular formula
(constitutional and stereoisomers) |
|
|
constitutional isomers (3)
|
-different IUPAC names
-same or different F.G.'s -different chemical and physical properites |
|
|
Stereoisomers
|
-differ only in the way the atoms are oriented in space (configuration)
|
|
|
Configuration
|
a particular 3-D arrangement
|
|
|
Chiral Molecules
|
a molecule that is non superimposable on its mirror image
|
|
|
Achiral molecule
|
a molecule that IS superimposable on its mirror image
|
|
|
Enantiomers
|
mirror images that are not superimposable (chiral molecules)
|
|
|
stereogenic center
|
a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups attached to it.
|
|
|
R isomer
|
used to name enantiomers that have priorities arranged in a clockwise manner
|
|
|
S isomer
|
used to name enantiomers that have priorities arranged in a counterclockwise manner
|
|
|
diasteromers
|
stereoisomers that are NOT mirror images of each other
|
|
|
Meso Compounds
|
an achiral compound that contains tetrahedral centers
|
|
|
observed rotation
|
the angle that chiral compounds rotate light
|
|
|
optically active
|
a compound that rotates plane polarized light (chiral)
|
|
|
dextrorotarary (+)
|
a compound that rotates plane polarized light clockwise
|
|
|
levorotatary (-)
|
a compound that rotates plane polarized light anticlockwise
|
|
|
racemic mixture
|
equal amounts of 2 enantiomers
|
|
|
specific rotation
|
standardized physical constant for the amount that a chiral compound rotates plane polarized light
|
|
|
concerted reaction
|
starting material converted directly to product in one step
A - B |
|
|
stepwise reaction
|
A - reactive intermediate - B
|
|
|
homolysis
|
breaking a bond by equally dividing the electrons between the 2 atoms in the bond
|
|
|
heterolysis
|
breaking a bond by unequally dividing the electrons in a bond between the two atoms
|
|
|
bond dissociation energy
|
The energy needed to homolytically cleave a covalent bond
|
|
|
What 2 halides are sp2 hyrbridized?
|
vinyl halides
aryl halides |
|
|
What 2 halides are sp3 hybridized?
(thus reactive) |
allylic halide
benzylic halide |
