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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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substitution reactions mechanisms |
structure of alkyl halide reactivity of Nu- concentration of Nu- solvent (rare) |
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leaving group (from most to least reactive) (from weakest to strongest base) |
^ = I-, Br-, Cl-, v = F- |
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substitution reaction steps |
1. Nu- attacks E+ C-X bond breaks heterolytically 2. C-X bond breaks without any assistance from Nu- |
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SN2 reaction rate |
rate depends on concentrations of both reactants |
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SN2 reaction rate law |
highest = methyl group lowest = tertiary (too slow to measure
^ substituents = v speed |
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Walden Inversion |
when the configuration of a compound becomes inverted occurs in SN2 reactions |
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SN2 leaving group reactivity |
v base = most stable = ^ reactivity |
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basicity vs nucleophilicity |
better bases = better nucleophiles |
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aprotic polar solvent |
solvent molecules do not have a hydrogen bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen |
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protic solvent |
solvent molecules have hydrogen bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen |
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size vs nucleophilicity |
aprotic: ^ size = v nucleophilicity protic: ^ size = ^ nucleophilicity |
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diene + HO- = ? |
= an alcohol |
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diene + RO-- = ? |
an ether |
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diene + NH2- = ? |
a primary amine |
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SN2 reaction direction |
will proceed in the direction that has stronger base replace weaker base |
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SN2 reaction cyclomolecules |
only trans product obtained |
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SN1 reaction cyclomolecules |
cis and trans products obtained |
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concentrations and reactivity of the nucleophile |
SN2 reaction
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solvent of the reaction |
SN1 reaction
100% h20 = ^ reaction rate |
