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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The internal salt of an amino acid is given the special name _______.

(no net charge)
Zwitterion
Amino acids share many similarities in characteristics with what?
Salts
Amino Acids:

____ at room temp.

____ melting points.

____ in water.

____ in ether + hydrocarbon solvents.
Crystalline Solids

High Melting pts.

Fairly soluble in water.

Insoluble in ether + hc solvents
Nonpolar Side Chains?

(A G I L M F P W V)
Alanine (A)
Glycine (G)
Isoleucine (I)
Leucine (L)
Methionine (M)
Phenylalanine (F)
Proline (P)
Tryptophan (W)
Valine (V)
Polar Side Chains?

(N Q S T)
Asparagine (N)
Glutamine (Q)
Serine (S)
Threonine (T)
Acid Side Chains?

(D E C Y)
Aspartic Acid (D)
Glutamic Acid (E)
Cysteine (C)
Tyrosine (Y)
Basic Side Chains?

(R H K)
Arginine (R)
Histidine (H)
Lysine (K)
A compound that contains a carboxyl group and an amino group.
Amino Acid
Most significant amino acids in the biological world.
alpha- amino acids
Monomers of proteins
alpha-amino acids
All protein derived amino acids except ______ are chiral.
Glycine (G)

H2NCH2COOH
Vast majority of carbohydrates in the world are what series?
D-series
Vast majority of a-amino acids are which series?
L-series
Protein Derived Amino Acids:

All 20 protein derived amino acids are _______ amino acids.
alpha
What does it mean?

"alpha-amino acid"
The amino group is located on the carbon alpha to the carboxyl group

H2CCHCOO -
|
NH3 + (A) -?
Protein Derived Amino Acids:

Out of the 20 most common; which is the only protein derived amino acid that has a secondary alpha-amino group?
Proline (P)

draw it.
Protein Derived Amino Acids:

With the exception of _____ the alpha-carbon of each amino acid is chiral.
Glycine (G)
Protein Derived Amino Acids:

All 20 have an alpha-carbon that is D or L series?
L-series
Protein Derived Amino Acids:

All 20 except which alpha-amino acid is S-configuration?

Why?
L-cysteine

Due to priority rules: the presence of sulfhydryl group makes it R.
Protein Derived Amino Acids:

Which two alpha-amino acids contain a second chiral center?
Isoleucine ( I ) + Threonine (T)
Protein Derived Amino Acids

Sulfyhdryl group of _______, the imindazole group of _______, and the phenolic hydroxyl of _______; are partially ionized at a ph of ___.

(Ionic is not major form at this ph)
Cysteine (C)

Histidine (H)

Tyrosine (Y)

7
These two amino acids are found in the liver and play an integral part in the urea cycle.
L-ornithine
draw them
L-citrulline
These amino acids are found in the thyroid tissue and they stimulate metabolism in other cells.
L-thyroxine, T4
draw them
L-Triiodothyronine, T3
A major neurotransmitter in the brain's Central Nervous System. Synthesized by ezyme catalyzed decarboxylation of glutamic acid.
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid


draw both
What is the average pka value of the 20 common amino acids' protonated alpha-carboxyl groups?
2.19
True or False


Most common low molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acids are stronger than protonated alpha-carboxyl groups of the 20 amino acids.

Explain why.
False

Inductive effect from the alpha-ammonium group makes them stronger acids.
Which is stronger?

Side chain carboxyl groups or low mw aliphatic carboxylic acids?
Side chain carboxyl groups
What is the average pka for the 20 amino acids alpha-ammonium groups?


(Slightly stronger than primary aliphatic ammonium ion.)
9.47
The basicity of the guanidine group of arginine is attributed to ______ stabilization of the protonated form in comparison to the neutral form.
Resonance
Why is the imindazole group on the side chain of histidine basic?
The pair of electrons that is not part of the aromatic sextet is responsible for the basicity.