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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IR Amine Group Characterization |
3100-3500 cm-1 sharp peak |
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IR Carbonyl Group Characterization |
1700 cm-1 Sharp peak |
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IR Hydroxyl Group Characterization |
3300 cm^-1 Broad peak |
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Mutarotation |
In the presence of water, a hemiacetal cyclic sugar will rotate between alpha and beta anomer states |
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Reducing sugar |
Any sugar with a hemiacetal ring; can be reduced in its open form |
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Tollen's Reagent |
Tests for reducing sugars Ag+ reduced |
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Benedict's Reagent |
Tests for reducing sugars An aldehyde will become oxidized, and Cu2O precipitate is created |
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Conjugation |
Alternating single and double bonds. This puts the p orbitals in plane which delocalizes electrons. A quite stable formation |
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Torsional Strain |
When rotating a molecule around a bond, the torsionalstrain is the repulsion caused by the electrons in between different groupswhen they pass by each other. This occurs if a molecule is forced into an eclipsed or gauche formation |
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Steric Strain |
In organic chemistry, the increase in potential energy by the repulsion of electrons from atoms that aren't directly bonded to one another |
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Angle Strain |
A molecule forced into non-ideal angles with the particular hybrid orbitals |
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Strecker Synthesis |
Reagents Aldehyde NH4Cl KCN Steps Imine formation CN- attack on imine carbon Continuous attack by water |
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Alkyl Group NMR Reading |
0-3 ppm |
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Diastereomer |
Same bonding, different spatial arrangement, not mirror images |
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Epimer |
A diastereomer that differs at only 1 chiral center |
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Anomer |
An epimer (diastereomer) where the chiral center is the anomeric carbon |
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Anomeric carbon, alpha and beta anomer |
The carbon atom that, after cyclization, is the stereocenter of the molecule Alpha anomer = axial, trans Beta anomer = equatorial, cis |
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N+1 Rule |
In NMR, a proton next to "n" adjacent carbons will split into "N+1" peaks |
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Aromatic Group NMR Reading |
6-8.5 ppm |
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Aldehyde Group NMR Reading |
9-10 ppm |
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Carboxylic acid group NMR Reading |
10.5-12 ppm |
