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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Achiral
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Object with a superimposable image
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Atomic Orbital
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3D space around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found
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Boltsmann distribution
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Equation used to calculate the population distribution between two conformers
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Bond dissociation energy
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Energy required breaking a covalent bond
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Bond length
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Maximum repulsion of nuclei causing the maximum stability and final bond length
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Chiral
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Non superimposable image
Mirror images are called enantimors with stereogenic centres |
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Staggered conformer
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bonds are as far apart as possible
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Gauche
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Staggered conformation in butane - CH3 closest
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Anti
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Staggered conformation in butane - CH3 furthest apart
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Eclipsed
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when the bonds are closest to one another
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Boat conformer
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cyclohexane conformer free of angle strain but exhibits steric strain due to eclipsed bonding
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Twist boat
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conformer cyclohexane caused when carbon is pulled down
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Angle strain
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Bond angle different to ideal tetrahedral bond
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Torsional strain
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repulsion between bonding electrons
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Steric strain
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caused by atoms/groups approaching one another too closely
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Equitorial bonds
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outward from ring structure, angles greater than 90 and on a slant
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Axial bonds
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vertical bonds alternating above and below ring structure
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Double bond
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A sigma and pi bond formed due to two SP2 hybrised atoms
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Heisenberg Uncertainty particle
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both the precise location and momentum of atomic particles cannot be simultaneously determined
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Heterocyclic compound
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a molecule does not have to be hydrocarbon to be aromatic, an atom in a cyclic compound which is not carbon is known as a heteroatom
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Huckel's RUle
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4n + 2
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Hybridized orbital
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A combination of two different orbitals mixing together
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Hydrogen bond acceptor
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electronegative ion with lone pair
partial negative charges bonded to a less electronegative atom |
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Hydrogen bond donor
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A molecule with an electronegative atom (N, O, F) bonded to hydrogen covalently causing partial charges on each atom
The slightly positive charge on hydrogen results in it being the donor |
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Imidazole
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Aromatic compound containing histindine
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