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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic Chemistry
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A major branch of chemistry which studies the chemical substances that contain carbon to carbon bonds and associated elements H, O, S, N and halogens
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Biochemistry
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A major branch of chmistry which studies the chemical processes and reactions of living organisms
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What type of bonds does Carbon form, how many bonds does a carbon atom form?
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Covalent; 4
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Carbon can do what that no other element can?
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Carbon can bond with itself to form a variety of compounds from simple to very complex
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Isomer
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-same molecular formula
-same # and types of atoms -different arrangement of atoms -different physical and chemical properties |
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What are the 3 main types of organic structures?
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-Straight (continous chain)
-Branched Chain -Ring or Cyclic Shape |
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Saturated
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(alkanes) have the maximum # of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom
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Unsaturated
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have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes; contain double or triple bonds
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Carbohydrate
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-Contain C, H, and O
- form sugars -important energy source -names end in "ose" |
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Monosaccharide
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-simple sugars classified according to the # of carbons they contain
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Disaccharides
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Contain 2 or more monosaccharide units
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Polysaccharides
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contain many monosaccharide units
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3 Nutritionally important Monosaccharides
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Glucose-fruit juice
Fructose-fruit sugar Galactose-milk sugar |
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3 Nutritionally important Disaccharides
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Maltose-Glucose+Glucose
Lactose-Glucose+Galactose Sucrose-Glucose+Fructose |
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3 Nutritionally important polysaccharides
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Cellulose-wood, cotton, paper
Starch-amylopectin and amylose Glycogen-stored in liver and muscles |
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Molecular formula for hexoses
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C H O
6 12 6 |
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Chemical equation for photosynthesis
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SolarE+6CO + 6H O =
2 2 C H O + 6O 6 12 6 2 |
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Chemical equation for metabolic oxidation
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C H O + 6CO =
6 12 6 2 6CO + 6H O + ENERGY 2 2 |
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General characteristics of proteins
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- contain C, H, O, N
- found in all the cells and fluids of the body - composed of amino acids - polypeptides |
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General functions of proteins
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- regulate metabolic processes (hormones)
- act as a catalyst in chemical reactions (enzymes) - Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (hemoglobin) - provide structural support (collagen) - Transports many substances in blood (albumin) - Defend against infections (immunoglobins or antibodies) - helps with muscle contraction and nerve transmission - last resort form of energy - buffer in blodd to help maintain pH |
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What is the suffix for an alkene?
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"ene"
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What is the suffix for an alcohol?
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"ol"
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What is the suffix for an aldehyde?
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"al"
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What is the suffix for an amine?
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"yl" amine
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What is the suffix for an organic acid?
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"ic"
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What is the suffix for a keytone?
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"one"
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What is the suffix for an alkyne?
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"yne"
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What is the suffix for an alkane?
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"ane"
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Name the compound:
Pentene |
alkene
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Name the compound:
Methanol |
alcohol
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Name the compound:
Propanal |
aldehyde
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Name the compound:
Methyl Amine |
Amine
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Name the compound:
Formic Acid |
Organic Acid
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Name the compound:
Propanone |
Keytone
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Name the compound:
Butyne |
Alkyne
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Name the compound:
Hexane |
Alkane
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Alkane
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Contain single bonds only
Contain only hydrogen and carbon |
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Alkenes
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Contain at least one double bond
Contain only hydrogen and carbon |
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Alkynes
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Contain at least one triple bond
Contain only hydrogen and carbon |
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Alcohol
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Functional Group: hydroxyl
(-OH) |
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Aldehydes
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Functional Group is Carbonyl Group C=O
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Amines
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Functional Group is N
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Ketone
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Functional Group is carbonyl group not at the end of the HC chain
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Organic Acids
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Functional group is a carbonyl group next to hydroxl group
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Aromatic Compounds
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Ring with circle inside
Attachments to ring aromatic dirivitive |
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Carbonyl Group
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a group of atoms tha tconsists of a carbon covalently attached to an oxygen by a double bond
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Hydroxyl Group
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Oxygen joined by a single bond to a hydrogen
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