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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkanes
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Hydrocarbons with only single bonds
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Alkenes
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Hydrocarbons with double bonds
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Alkynes
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Hydrocarbons with triple bonds
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Methane
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CH4
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Ethane
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C2H6
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Propane
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C3H8
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Butane
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C4H10
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Pentane
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C5H12
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Ethylene
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C2H4
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Propene
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C3H6
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Butene
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C4H8
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Pentene
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C5H10
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Ethyne
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C2H2
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Propyne
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C3H4
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Butyne
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C4H6
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Pentyne
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C5H8
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Methanol
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CH3OH
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Ethanol
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C2H5OH
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Propanol
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C3H7OH
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Formic Acid
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HCOOH
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Acetic Acid
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CH3COOH
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Butyric Acid
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C3H7COOH
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Chloromethane
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CH3Cl
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Cloroethane
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C2H5Cl
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Cloropropane
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C3H7Cl
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Alcohols
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-H is replaced by hydroxide group, -OH
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Organic Acid
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-H is replaced by carboxyl group, -COOH
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Halides
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-H is replaced by a halide, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I
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Amines
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-H is replaced by amino group, -NH2
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Aldehydes
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Contains carbonyl group, C=O, connected to at least one H
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Ketones
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Contains a carbonyl group, C=O, not connected to any H
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Ethers
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An O serves as a link in a hydrocarbon chain
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Esters
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An ester group, COO, serves as a link in a hydrocarbon chain
Made from an alcohol reacting with an organic acid; most have sweet, fruity aromas. |
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Isomers
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Two or more chemicals with the same formula, but different chemical arrangements and properties. For example, ethanol (C2H5OH) and dimethyl ether (CH3-O-CH3)
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Straight-chain organic compounds with 1 carbon atom: Alkane, Acid, Alcohol, Aldehyde, and Amine
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Methane, Formic Acid, Methyl Alcohol, Formaldehyde, Methylamine
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Straight-chain organic compounds with 2 carbon atoms: Alkane, Acid, Alcohol, Aldehyde, and Amine
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Ethane, Acetic Acid, Ethyl Alcohol, Acetaldehyde, Ethylamine
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Straight-chain organic compounds with 3 carbon atoms: Alkane, Acid, Alcohol, Aldehyde, and Amine
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Propane, Propanoic Acid, n-Propyl Alcohol, Propionaldehyde, Propylamine
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Straight-chain organic compounds with 4 carbon atoms: Alkane, Acid, Alcohol, Aldehyde, and Amine
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n-Butane, Butanic Acid, n-Butyl Alcohol, Butyraldehyde, Butylamine
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Straight-chain organic compounds with 5 carbon atoms: Alkane, Acid, Alcohol, Aldehyde, and Amine
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n-Pentane, Pentanoic Acid, n-Pentyl Alcohol, Pentanaldehyde, 1-Aminopentane
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Hydrogenation
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The process by which the double or triple bonds in an Alkene or Alkyne are broken and changed to single bonds by adding hydrogen to the organic compound; usually catalyzed by platinum.
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Halogenation
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Similar to hydrogenation, where halogens such as Cl2 and Br2 are used instead of H2; usually more vigorous and don't need a catalyst.
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Hydrohalogenation
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Process by which compounds such as HCl or HBr add one hydrogen and one halogen atom to a double bond.
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Saturated
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An organic compound that has no double or triple bonds, so it has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible.
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Cyclohexane
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C6H12 (ring)
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Benzene
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C6H6 (ring)
Unusually stable Aromatic |
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Alkyl Side Chain
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An alkane without a terminal hydrogen is a alkyl functional group
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Aryl Side Chain
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Benzene and related substances without one hydrogen atom are aryl functional groups ("aryl" comes from "aromatic")
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Methyl group
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-CH3
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Ethyl group
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-CH2CH3
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Abbreviation for Alkyl group, and examples as used to represent an alkane, alcohol, and aldehyde
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R
RH, ROH, R=O |
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Phenyl group (aryl group for benzene)
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-C6H5
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