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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkyl Halide
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R–X (R–alkane, X– Halogen, B– Benzene)
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Vinyl Halide
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C=C–X (R–alkane, X– Halogen, B– Benzene)
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Aryl Halide
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B–X (R–alkane, X– Halogen, B– Benzene)
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Halogen naming
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replace –ide with –o
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Vincinal Dihalide
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Two halogens on adjacent carbons
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Geminal Dihalide
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Two halogens on the same carbon
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SN2 Kinetics
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Rate Doubles
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SN2 Rate Equation
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k[Substrate][Nu] Second Order
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SN2 RDS
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Ea and T.S. stability
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SN2 Inversion Rate
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100%
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SN1 Inversion Rate
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50%
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SN2 T.S.
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Bimolecular
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SN1 T.S.
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Unimolecular
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SN2 Rate
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2nd order
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SN1 Rate
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1st order
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Order of reactivity by SN2
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CH3 > primary > Secondary
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Order of Reactivity by SN1
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tertiary > secondary >> primary
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allyl carbocation
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A carbon with a positive charge adjacent to a carbon carbon double bond
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Benzyl Carbocation
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A carbon with a positive charge adjacent to a benzene ring
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LG Must form a
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Stable Anion or Neutral molecule.
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The better LG, The faster the rate involves
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Weaker base
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SN2 Process
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Nucleophile attaches AS Halogen leaves
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SN1 Process
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Halogen leaves THEN nucleoplephile attaches
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Larger halogen is a Stronger/weaker base
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Weaker
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SN1: Higher Concentration of Nucleophile
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No change
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SN2: Higher Concentration of Nucleophile
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Increased rate
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SN1: Stronger Nucleophile
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No Change in rate
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SN2: Stronger Nucleophile
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Faster Rate
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Stronger Nucleophile
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Reacts Rapidly
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Weaker Nucleophile
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Reacts slowly
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Strength of a negatively charged nucleophile is stronger/weaker than its conjugate.
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stronger
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Nucleophilicity Trend (Horizontal)
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Decreases from left to right on Periodic table
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High EN causes
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Greater Hold on electrons
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Nucleophilicity Trend (vertical)
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Increases down a group
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Bulky Groups affect on nucleophilicity
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Decrease
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Strong Nucleophile favor
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SN2
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Weak Nucleophiles favor
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SN1
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