Organelles, Energy, And Metabolic Pathways

Front 1

Protein Synthesis

Back 1

Involves mRNA and ribosomes and takes place inside the cytoplasm

Front 2

Nuclear Pore Complex

Back 2

Sits in the middle of the nuclear pore and controls movement of substance through the pore

Front 3

Nucleolus

Back 3

The sight for RNA synthesis and the sight for the assembly of ribosomes

Front 4

Mitochondria

Back 4

Found in every eucaryotic cell. The powerhouse and is the sight of ATP production

Front 5

Christie

Back 5

Finger like projections in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Front 6

Matrix

Back 6

Empty fluid filled space inbetween the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Front 7

Cholorplasts

Back 7

found in certain parts of plant cells. This is where photsynthesis takes place. Has an inner and outer membrane

Front 8

Granum

Back 8

stacks of disk shaped membranes where cholrophyl is found

Front 9

Stroma

Back 9

Fluid material inside individual thylakoids

Front 10

Rougn Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 10

consists of a series of membranes stacked on top of each other. Flattened membrane sacks in which ribosomes are scattered on top

Front 11

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 11

Tubular in shape and connected to the Rough ER. Has three functions

Front 12

Golgi Complex

Back 12

Cup shaped in appearance. it packages proteins destined for export from the cell, adds carbohydrates to proteins, and produces lysosomes

Front 13

Lysosome

Back 13

Vesicle with 40 different digestive enzymes inside

Front 14

Cytoskeleton

Back 14

Used to support the rest of the cell and consists of long fibers called microtubules and microfilaments

Front 15

Microtubules

Back 15

Provides and maintains cell shape, track along which various organelles and vesicles move, make up centrioles and cilia/flagella

Front 16

Dynein Arms

Back 16

help doublets move past one another so the cilia can move

Front 17

Microfilaments

Back 17

straight, long filament, composed of the protein actin. Maintains cell shape, and can perform in some contractile events like cell division.

Front 18

Kinetic energy

Back 18

the energy of motion

Front 19

Potential Energy

Back 19

Stored energy

Front 20

Laws of Thermodynamics

Back 20

1. Energy can be converted from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed
2. Every energy conversion results in an increase in the amount of non usable or wasted enrgy in the universe

Front 21

Entropy

Back 21

non usable or wasted energy. Constantly increasing

Front 22

Free Energy

Back 22

the energy available to do work

Front 23

Catalyst

Back 23

a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction but is not consumed by the reaction

Front 24

Enzymes

Back 24

Biological catalysts that are unchanged by the reaction and lower the amount of activation energy required

Front 25

Active Site

Back 25

the site on the enzyme to which the substrate attaches

Front 26

Induced Fit Model

Back 26

Active site is not complementary to the substrate. As the substrate approached, the active site will induce a precise fit

Front 27

pH optimum

Back 27

the pH at which the enzyme is maximally active

Front 28

Metabolic Pathways

Back 28

series of enzyme catalized reactions in which the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next

Front 29

Cofactors

Back 29

small inorganic ions and some organic molecules

Front 30

Coenzymes

Back 30

refers to small organic molecules required for enzyme catalized reactions

Front 31

Oxidation

Back 31

removal of electrons from a compound

Front 32

Biological Oxidation

Back 32

occurs inside a cell without heat

Front 33

Two ways cells capture energy from glucose breakdown

Back 33

ATP and Reduced Coenzymes (NADH)

Front 34

Phosphorylation

Back 34

addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule

Front 35

Reduction

Back 35

the addition of electrons to a molecule