Orbit And Eyeball

Front 1

Periosteum of the orbit

Back 1

periorbita

Front 2

What is the apex of the orbit?

Back 2

optic canal

Front 3

What makes up the superior wall of the orbit?

Back 3

orbital part of front bone and lesser wings of sphenoid bone

Front 4

What makes up the inferior wall of the orbit?

Back 4

maxilla, partly by zygomatic and palantine bone

Front 5

What makes up the lateral wall of the orbit?

Back 5

frontal processes of zygomatic and greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Front 6

What makes up the medial wall of the orbit?

Back 6

ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, and sphenoid boen

Front 7

What goes through the optic canal? (2)

Back 7

optic nerve and opthalmic artery

Front 8

What is found within the superior orbital fissure?

Back 8

Superior and inferior branches of CN III, CN IV, CN VI, the lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary branches of the opthalmic nerve, and the superior opthalmic vein

Front 9

What is found passing through the inferior orbital fissure?

Back 9

Maxillary nerve and its zygomatic branch, infra-orbital vessels, vein communicating with the pterygoid plexus of veins

Front 10

What are the contents of the orbit?

Back 10

* Eyeball

* Orbital fascia surrounding the eyeballs and muscles

* Extraocular muscles

* Cranial nerves: II, III, IV, V and VI

* Blood vessels

* Orbital fat

* Lacrimal gland

Front 11

tough, white tunic on the
posterior 5/6 of the eye

Back 11

sclera

Front 12

Is the sclera innervated? blood supply?

Back 12

innervated but no blood supply

Front 13

transparent layer on anterior 1/6 of the eye, allows light to enter the eyeball

Back 13

cornea

Front 14

Is the cornea innervated? blood supply?

Back 14

innervated but no blood supply

Front 15

What is the sclera continuous with on the back of the eye?

Back 15

dura on optic nerve

Front 16

Thin pigmented and highly vascular layer. Firmly attatched to the retina. Loosely attatched to the sclera.

Back 16

Choroid

Front 17

Nourishes the retina and darkens the eye

Back 17

Choroid

Front 18

found between the chorioid and the iris.

Back 18

ciliary body

Front 19

what makes up the ciliary body?

Back 19

ciliary process and ciliary muscle

Front 20

What controls the ciliary muscle?

Back 20

CN III

Front 21

Ciliary process help make what substance?

Back 21

aqueous humor

Front 22

If suspensary ligaments are contracted what happens to the lens?

Back 22

becomes more round

Front 23

If the lens is flat then you are seeing at what distance?

Back 23

far distance

Front 24

what two muscles control the size of the pupil? their innervation?

Back 24

Sphincter pupillae=para
Dilator pupillae=sympathetic

Front 25

External fibrous layer of the eyeball consists of what?

Back 25

sclera and cornea

Front 26

Middle vascular layer of the eyeball made up of ?

Back 26

choroid, ciliary body, iris

Front 27

Inner layer of eyeball made up of?

Back 27

retina

Front 28

What are the two parts of the retina?

Back 28

optic part-posterior and lateral
Non-visual part-anterior part, covers the internal surface of teh ciliary body and the iris

Front 29

What is the blind spot?

Back 29

the optic disk, consists of optic nerve fibers; insensitive for light

Front 30

small, oval area of retina with photoreceptors (cones mostly) responsible for acuity of vision(and colors).

Back 30

macula lutea

Front 31

Central depression in the macula, area of most acutet vision?

Back 31

fovea centralis

Front 32

What type of receptors are in the fovea centralis?

Back 32

Cones only

Front 33

What are cones responsible for? how many?

Back 33

visual acuity and color vision; 7 million

Front 34

What are rods responsible for? How many?

Back 34

vision in dim light; 120 millioin

Front 35

The neural retina (except for cones and rods) is supplied by what/

Back 35

cental artery of retina (branch of opthalmic)

Front 36

Chamber between cornea and iris?

Back 36

anterior chamber

Front 37

chamber between iris and lens?

Back 37

posterior chamber

Front 38

avascular biconvex structure held
in position by suspensory ligaments
(zonular fibers) which are attached to the
ciliary process

Back 38

lens

Front 39

transparent gel which fills
the eyeball posterior to the lens (vitreous chamber).
Holds the retina and provides support for the lens

Back 39

vitreous body

Front 40

produced by the ciliary
process (nutrients for avascular cornea
and lens

Back 40

aqueous humor

Front 41

flow of aqueous humor?

Back 41

Posterior chamber-pupil-anterior
chamber-scleral venous plexus-canal of
Schlemm (iridocorneal angle

Front 42

a thin clear moist membrane that coats the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye

Back 42

Conjunctiva

Front 43

What are the three sections or regions of the conjunctiva?

Back 43

the palpebral, the bulbar, the formix

Front 44

section of conjunctiva that lines the under-surface of the eyelids

Back 44

palpebral

Front 45

section of conjunctiva which covers the front, external eyeball

Back 45

bulbar

Front 46

section of conjunctiva which froms the junction between the eyelid and eyeball

Back 46

formix

Front 47

What is the function of the conjunctiva?

Back 47

produces mucous, a clear viscous fluid that lubricates the eyeball, as well as produces some tears, which helps keep the eye clean

Front 48

Inflammation of the conjunctiva is called?
can lead to ?

Back 48

conjunctivitis
pink eye

Front 49

flow through the lacrimal apparatus?

Back 49

lacrimal gland-> lacrimal ducts -> lacrimal lake -> lacrimal canaliculi-> lacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> inferiornasal meatus

Front 50

Sensory innervation of the lacrimal gland?

Back 50

lacrimal branch of V1

Front 51

Parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?
stimulates?

Back 51

Greater petrosal of CNVII connects with deep petrosal nerve to from nerve of the pterygoid canal. Synapses with pterygopalatine and post-ganglionic fibers go to lacrimal gland
Stimulates fluid secretion

Front 52

Sympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland?
stimulates?

Back 52

T1-T3 preganglionic leave via white rami and travel up to synapse at superior cervical ganglia, leave via deep petrosal nerve and pass through ganglion to lacrimal gland
Stimulates vasoconstriction of lacrimal gland

Front 53

What does the levator palpebrae superioris do?
Innervation?

Back 53

elevates the superior eyelid, opening lid
superior division of CN III

Front 54

action of orbicularis oculi?
innervation?

Back 54

closes lids
Facial CN VII

Front 55

What are the extraocular muscles?

Back 55

4 rectus muscles; superior, inferior, lateral, medial
2 oblique muscles; superior and inferior
Levator palpebrae superioris

Front 56

fibrous ring surrounds the optic canal and medial part of superior orbital fissure

Back 56

common tendinous ring

Front 57

what is the origin of the four rectus muscles?

Back 57

common tendinous ring

Front 58

The common tendenous ring transmits (2)?

Back 58

1. oculomotor, nosociliary,abducens
nerves, which enter the orbit through the
superior obital fissure and CTR.
2. Optic n., ophtalamic a., and central a.&v.
of retina, which enter the orbit via the
optic canal and CTR

Front 59

what lies outside the CTR?

Back 59

Trochlear, frontal and lacrimal nerves and
superior ophtalamic vein

Front 60

innervation of the extraocular muscles?

Back 60

Superior oblique CN IV
Lateral rectus CN VI
All others (IO, SR, IR, MR) CN III

Front 61

movement by medial rectus and lateral recuts

Back 61

isolated adduction and abduction , if eye not elevated or depressed

Front 62

movement by superior rectus and inferior rectus

Back 62

strongest elevator and depressor when eye is abducted

Front 63

movement by inferior oblique and superior oblique

Back 63

strongest elevator and depressor when eye is adducted

Front 64

Medial rectus
action:
nerve supply:

Back 64

adducts
CN III

Front 65

lateral rectus
action:
nerve supply:

Back 65

Abducts
CN VI

Front 66

Superior rectus
action:
nerve supply:

Back 66

elevates, adducts, and medially rotates
CN III

Front 67

Inferior rectus
action:
nerve supply:

Back 67

depresses, adducts and laterally rotates
CN III

Front 68

Superior oblique
action:
nerve supply:

Back 68

depresses, abducts, and medially rotates
CN IV

Front 69

Inferior oblique
action:
nerve supply:

Back 69

elevates, abducts, and laterally rotates
CN III

Front 70

Nerves of the orbit?

Back 70

CN II, III, IV, VI, and V1

Front 71

The frontal nerve lies on which muscle?

Back 71

Levator palpebrae superioris

Front 72

branches of the opthalmic nerve in the orbit?

Back 72

Frontal nerve:
a. supraorbital nerve
b. supratrochlear nerve

2. Lacrimal nerve-top of lateral rectus

3. Nasociliary nerve:
a. long ciliary nerves
b. anterior ethmoidal nerves
c. posterior ethmoidal nerves
d. infratrochlear nerve

Front 73

Ciliary ganglion is associated with what CN and where does it lie?

Back 73

V1
lies between optic nerve and lateral rectus muscle

Front 74

ciliary ganglion receives?

Back 74

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve CN III and postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
sensory fibers form nasociliary nerve

Front 75

ciliary ganglion sending?

Back 75

postganglionic parasympathetic to the:
*ciliary muscle (accommodation)
* sphincter pupillae (constriction)
postganglionic sympathetic to the:
* dilator pupillae (dilation)
sensory – innervation to all parts of
the eyeball.

Front 76

Only what autnomic nervous system synapses in the ciliary ganglion?

Back 76

only the parasympathetic

Front 77

Main source of blood to the orbit?
branch of?

Back 77

opthalmic artery branch of internal carotid

Front 78

Branches of the opthalmic artery roughly parallel the major branches of ?

Back 78

CN V1

Front 79

blood supply to the orbit?

Back 79

opthalmic artery and central artery of the retina(branch of opthalmic)

Front 80

what does the central artery of the retina supply?

Back 80

internal aspect of the retina (optic retina)

Front 81

Veins of the orbit?

Back 81

opthalmic veins

Front 82

What do the opthalmic veins anastomose with?

Back 82

facial vein and cavernous sinus