Oral Radiology Week 1 Ppt Review

Front 1

What helps get you started on the right foot?

Back 1

• Appearance
• Attitude
• Interpersonal Skills
• Communication

---Verbal and Nonverbal

• Patient Education
• How to handle the FAQ's

Front 2

How should you portray Attitude and Empathy?

Back 2

• Smile and stay positive
• Never minimize their concerns
• Assure them you can sole the problem

Front 3

How should you communicate verbally?

Back 3

• Explain all procedures
• Never assume they have had radiographs before
• Never assume they have had a full series before

Front 4

How should you communicate non-verbally?

Back 4

• Nod your head to indicate time to close
• Give commands directly : "Gently close now"

Front 5

What are the Guidelines for

Effective Communication?

Back 5

• Introduce yourself and show interest
• Face the patient and make eye contact
• Lean forward to demonstrate listening
• Be honest to build trust
• Show courtesy and respectfullness
• Maintain a positive attitude
• Demonstrate empathy when appropriate
• Use clear commands
• Make nonverbal communication in agreement with verbal communication

Front 6

What are the guidelines for

Communicating with children?

Back 6

• Use guidelines for effective communication
• Use age-level appropriate language
• Do not talk down or use baby talk
• Avoid threatening sounding words
• Use show-tell-do
• Tell the truth whenever possible

Front 7

What are the guidelines for

Communicating with the Elderly?

Back 7

• Use guidelines for effective communication
• Address by the person's title unless they instruct you to do otherwise
• Avoid condescending salutations such as "huney" or "dear"
• Be aware of generation differences
• Be aware of sensory or cognitive impairments such as hearing loss, effects of stroke
• Encourage the use of eyeglasses and hearing aids during the procedure especially when showing radiographs during patient education.

Front 8

What are the Guidelines for Communicating with People of Different Cultures

Back 8

• Use guidelines for effective communication
• Learn about the cultures in your community
• Be accepting and nonjudgemental
• Be aware that gestures may be interpreted differently
• Be aware that touch and personal space are sometimes considered different by different cultures
• Speak slowly and avoid using slang or uncommon terms
• Verify that the listener understood what you said

Front 9

Why do we take radiographs?

Back 9

• To detect pathology or disease that we can't see and that could go undetected for a long time.
• Long term or chronic infection is dangerous to the patient's health and more costly to treat as it worsens

Front 10

How do you alleviate the patient concerns about radiographs?

Back 10

• Explain safety precautions
• Explain exposure criteria guidelines and clinic protocol
• Show radiographs with and without disease only detected by the use of radiographs
• Use pamphlets with information regarding exposure comparisons

Front 11

What is Quality Assurance?

Back 11

• Planning, implementing, and evaluating procedures used to produce high-quality radiographs while minimizing radiation exposure
• Includes establishing a high standard for both quality administration as well as techinques

Front 12

What are components to having a QA Plan?

Back 12

• Assessment of current practices

- Where and how problems occur

• A written plan

- Who is in charge?

- What training is required?

- Who needs to be trained?

• Quality control tests
• Record-keeping
• Periodic evaluation

Front 13

What must you consider when creating a QA plan?

Back 13

• What is our purpose?
• Who is responsible and for what?
• Delegation of responsiblilities
• List of equipment that requires monitoring

- Tests to be performed to check equipment

- Log of test results

• Log of retake radiographs
• Documentation of training
• Re-evaluation and reports

Front 14

What QA tests are for the dental X-ray machine?

Back 14

• Radiation output
• Timer Accuracy
• Milliamperage accuracy
• Kilovoltage accuracy
• Focal spot size
• Filteration (beam quality)
• Collimation
• Beam alignment
• Tube head stability

Front 15

What is a step-wedge? What is it for? And how do you assemble one?

Back 15

• A step-wedge is a device of layered metal steps of varying thickness.
• It is used to determine image density and contract, as well as to test the strength of processing chemicals.
• To assemble a step-wedge,

1. Divide a piece of cardboard the size of a #2 film into thirds
2. Leave the first third uncovered
3. Cover the remaining two thirds with two pieces of lead foil.
4. Cover the final third with four additional pieces of lead foil and tape them into place.

Front 16

What is the suggested time intervals for performing Quality Control tests for:

Tube Head Stability?

Back 16

• Monthly

Front 17

How is the Tube Head Stability

Quality Control Test performed?

Back 17

• Position the tube head in various positions that will likely be needed for radiographic exposures to evaluate stability in each position. If it drifts, it should be repaired before use.

Front 18

What is the suggested time intervals for performing Quality Control tests for:

Darkroom Safelight?

Back 18

• Anually

Front 19

What is the Darkroom Safelight test called?

How is it performed?

Back 19

• The Coin Test
• Expose a #2 film on the lowest setting.
• Unwrap in the darkroom under safelight conditions and place on the counter with a coin placed on top
• let sit for two or three minuits and then develop and examine the film
• If a shadow of the coin appears on on the radiograph, the lights should be visually inspected for scratches or cracks in the filter that would allow white light to escape.

Front 20

What is the suggested time intervals for performing Quality Control tests for:

Automatic Processor

Back 20

• Daily

Front 21

How is the Automatic Processor

Quality Control Test performed?

Back 21

• First, process an unexposed film under safelight conditions. It should come out clear (slightly blue tinted)
• Then process a film that has been exposed to white light. It should come out black.
• If either test fails, the operator should check the solution, water supply, and film dryer.

Front 22

What is the suggested time intervals for performing Quality Control tests for:

Processing Solution?

Back 22

• Daily

Front 23

How is the Processing Solution

Quality Control Test performed?

Back 23

• At the beginning of the day, after the developer had been changed, exposed multiple films at the same setting using a step wedge
• Process one of the films at the beginning of the day
• At the beginning of each day, process one of the previously exposed films
• Each film should match the film developed on the first day. A failed test would indicate that the processing chemicals, particularly the developer, is loosing strength and needs to be changed.

Front 24

What is the suggested time intervals for performing Quality Control tests for:

Cassettes and Screens?

Back 24

• Annually

Front 25

How is the Cassettes and Screens

Quality Control Test performed?

Back 25

• Periodicly examine the cassettes and intensifying screens.
• Cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks that can result in fogged radiographs. If present, the cassette should be repaired or replaced.
• Intensifying screens should be examined for cleanliness and scratches. Dirty screens should be cleaned as needed. Any scratched or damaged screens should be repaired or replaced.

Front 26

What is the suggested time intervals for performing Quality Control tests for:

Viewboxes?

Back 26

• Monthly

Front 27

How is the Viewboxes

Quality Control Test performed?

Back 27

• Turn on the viewbox. If it is functioning properly ti will give off a uniform, subdued light. If it flickers, the bulb may need to be replaced.

Front 28

What is the suggested time intervals for performing Quality Control tests for:

Output Consistency Test?

Back 28

• Annually

Front 29

How is the Output Consistency

Quality Control Test performed?

Back 29

• Place a step wedge on a #2 film
• Expose a film at different intervals throughout the day at the same setting and set aside to be processed together.
• At the end of the desired time, process all films and evaluate.
• Consistency in radiation output will produce images of the step-wedge that are identical in density and contrast.
• A failed test will produce images that are different from each other indicating a variation in radiation output and that a qualified health physicist should examine the x-ray machine

Front 30

How do you test the darkroom for light leaks?

How long does it take for the eyes to adjust to the dark?

Back 30

• Turn off all the lights in the dark room and look for light leaks after the eyes have adjusted to the dark. If there are leaks, mark them while eyes are still adjusted. The leaks should be sealed with tape or weather stripping.
• About 5 min.

Front 31

What test is used for monitor X-ray film?

How is this test performed?

Back 31

• The Fresh-film Test
• When a new film box is opened for use, immediately process one of the films without exposing it. If the film appears slightly blue tint, it is fresh. If it appears fogged, the remaining films should not be used.

Front 32

What can operator errors result in?

What does this mean?

Back 32

• Retakes
• Retakes result in additional exposure to the patient, and take more time from the appointment.

Front 33

What must radiographers be able to recognize and know how to do?

Back 33

• Recognize errors and know how to correct them.

Front 34

How should the problem of retakes be monitored?

Back 34

• "Operator errors and retakes should be recorded in a log to identify recurring problems.

Front 35

What are the 4 goals of Quality Control??

Back 35

• Maintain a high standard of image quality
• Identify problems before image quality is compromised
• Keep patient and occupational exposure to a minimum
• Reduce the occurrence of retake radiographs

Front 36

What are the 7 things that should be monitored on an X-ray machine?

Back 36

• Radiation output
• Timer accuracy
• mA and kVp settings
• Focal spot size
• Filtration and collimation
• Beam alignment
• Tube head stability

Front 37

What is the key to producing the highest quality diagnostic radiographs with the lowest possible radiation exposure?

Back 37

Operator competence