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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characterized by a loss of differentiation of cells and their orientation to one another; a characteristic of malignant tumors.
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Anaplastic
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A condition that, if untreated or with symptomatic therapy, will not become life threatening.
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Benign
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Malignant tumor of the epithelium.
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Carcinoma
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Occuring within the bone.
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Central
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Disordered growth; alteration in size, shape, and organization of adult cells.
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Dysplasia
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Surrounded by a capsule of fibrous connective tissue.
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Encapsulated
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Surgical removal without cutting into the lesion.
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Enucleation
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Staining more intensily than normal.
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Hyperchromatic
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Abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.
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Hyperplasia
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A protein, also called an antibody, synthesized by plasma cells in response to a specific antigen.
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Immunoglobulin
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Confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighboring tissues.
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In situ
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Infiltration and active destruction of surrounding tissues.
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Invasion
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Clinical term used to identify a white, plaquelike lesion of the oral mucosa that cannot be wiped off or diagnosed as any other disease.
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Leukoplakia
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Resistant to treatment; able to metastasize and kill the host; describing cancer.
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Malignant
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Transport of neoplastic cells to parts of the body remote from the primary tumor and the establishment of new tumors at those sites.
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Matastasis
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Dividing cells caught in the process of mitosis.
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Mitotic figure
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New growth; the formation of tumors by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells.
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Neoplasia
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Tumor; a new growth of tissue in which growth is uncontrolled or progressive.
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Neoplasm
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Circumscribed malformation of the skin or oral mucosa presumed to be of hereditary orgin; also, a benign tumor of melanocytes.
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Nevus
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Tooth forming.
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Odontogenic
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Study of tumors or neoplasms.
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Oncology
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Attached by a stalk.
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Pedunculated
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Occuring outside the bone.
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Peripheral
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Occuring in various forms.
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Pleomorphic
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Malignant tumor of connective tissue.
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Sarcoma
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Attached by a base.
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Sessile
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Neoplasm; also a swelling or enlargement.
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Tumor
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Absence of normal differentiation; anaplasia; a characteristic of some malignant tumors.
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Undifferentiated
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This results from uncontrolled cell multiplication; the regularoty processes that maintain the size of normal tissues do not function correctly.
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Neoplasm
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This results from a response to tissue damage; normal arrangement of cells; proliferation stops when stimulus is removed.
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Hyperplasia
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Viruses that cause tumors are called?
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Oncogenic viruses
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What are some agents that may cause neoplasms?
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Chemicals
Viruses Radiation X-rays Nuclear fission |
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Malignant tumors that have cells that resemble normal cells are called?
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Well-differentiated tumors
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What type of cells are malignant tumors composed of?
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Pleomorphic cells (cells that vary in size and shape)
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A benign tumor of fat is called?
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Lipoma
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A benign tumor of bone is called?
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Osteoma
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Malignant tumor of epithelium is called?
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Carcinoma
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Malignant tumor of connective tissue is called?
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Sarcoma
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Malignant tumor of squamous epithelium is called?
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Squamous cell carcinoma or
Epidermoid carcinoma |
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Malignant tumor or bone is called?
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Osteosarcoma
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What are the 3 different types of epitheliual tumors?
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Tumors derived from squamous epithelium
Tumors derived from salivary gland epithelium Tumors derived from odontogenic epithelium |
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What are the tumors derived from Squamous Epithelium?
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Papilloma
Leukoplakia Erythroplakia Epithelial Dysplasia Squamous Cell Carcinoma Verrucous Carcinoma Basal Cell Carcinoma |
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What are the tumors derived from Salivary Gland Epithelium?
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Pleomorphic Adenoma
Monomorphic Adenoma Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (Cylindroma) Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma |
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What are the tumors derived from Odontogenic Epithelium?
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EPITHELIAL
Ameloblastoma Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst MESENCHYMAL Odontogenic Myxoma Central Cementifying fibroma Central ossifying fibroma Benign Cementoblastoma MIXED EPITH/MESENCH Ameloblastic Fibroma Ameloblastic Firbro-odontoma Odontoma |
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Benign tumor of squamous epithelium that presents as a small, exophytic, pedunculated or sessile growth; white or the color of normal mucosa cauliflower-like in appearance.
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Papilloma
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What is the location for Papillomas?
What are the patient demographics? What do they resemble? How are they diagnosed? How are they treated? Do they recur? |
Soft palate
Tongue Any age No sex predilection Resemble verruca vulgaris (common wart) and condyloma acuminatum (venereal wart) Diagnosed with microscopic examination and special staining Surgical excision Usually does not recur |
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White plaquelike lesion of teh oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be diagnosed as a specific disease.
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Leukoplakia
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Leukoplakia is sometimes referred to as?
When associated with chewing tobacco it's called? How is it diagnosed? Results from? When examined it may also show premalignant and malignant conditions such as? These conditions are likely when leukoplakia is found in these aread of the oral cavity. What is the treatment? |
Idiopathic leukoplakia
Tobacco pouch keratosis Biopsy Hyperkeratosis Epithelial dysplasia Squamous cell carcinoma Floor of mouth Ventrolateral tongue Lips When in these areas it should be removed, treatment depends on histologic diagnosis. |
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Oral mucosal lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or a granular red and velvety patch.
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Erythroplakia
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Oral mucosal lesion that appears as a mixture of red and white areas.
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Speckled leukoplakia
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Where does erythroplakia occur in the oral cavity?
Is it more or less common than leukoplakia? 90% of cases demonstrate these two conditions. Is it more or less serious than leukoplakia? How is it diagnosed? How is it treated? |
Floor of mouth
Tongue Soft palate Epithelial dysplasia Squamous cell carcinoma Biopsy Depends on the histologic diagnosis. |
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Histologic diagnosis that indicates disordered growth; considered a premalignant condition and precedes squamous cell carcinoma.
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Epithelial dysplasia
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Where does epithelial dysplasia occur and in what forms does it present itself?
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Floor of mouth
Tongue Leukoplakia Erythroplakia Speckled leukoplakia |
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Dysplasia in _______ is not considered a premalignant process.
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Bone
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Severe dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium is called?
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Carcinoma in situ.
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What is the treatment and recurrence of dysplastic lesions?
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Surgical excision
Potential for recurrence |
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Malignant tumor of squamous epithelium; the most commom primary malignancy of the oral cavity; infiltrates adjacent tissues and metastasizes to lymph nodes of the neck and also to liver and lungs.
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Squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma
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How do squamous cell carcinoma present itself?
What damage can it cause to the oral cavity? Where does it occur in the oral cavity? |
Exophytic ulcerative mass but in the early stages it presents itself as the leukoplakias; in the floor of mouth, ventrolateral of tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillar, and retromolar areas; may also occur on vermillion border and skin on face
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Keratin may be seen in individual cells within the squamous epithilial tumor and they are called?
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Keratin pearls
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Damage from sun exposure can be seen in degeneration of collagen under the epithelium and this condition is called?
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Solar or actinic cheilitis
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What are the risk factors, treatment, and prognosis for Squamous cell carcinoma?
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RISK FACTORS
Tobacco Alcohol Sun exposure TREATMENT Surgical excision Radiation therapy Chemotherapy PROGNOSIS The smaller the tumor the better the prognosis |
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What is the system that assesses the diagnosis of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma?
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TNM staging system, the higher the stage the worse the prognosis
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Specific type of squamous cell carcinoma that is separated from other squamous cell carcinomas because it has a much better prognosis; appears as a slow-growing exophytic tumor with a pebbly white and red surface.
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Verrucous carcinoma
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What is the patient demographic for Verrucous carcinoma?
Where does it occur in the oral cavity? What is the treatement? What is the prognosis? |
Men over 55 years of age who use smokeless tobacco products.
Vestibule and buccal mucosa Surgical excision Usually does not metastasize; can cause extensive local damage if left untreated. |
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Malignant skin tumor associated with excessive sun exposure and does not occur in the oral cavity but on the skin of the face as nonhealing ulcers with rolled borders.
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Basal cell carcinoma
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What is the patient demographic for Basal Cell Carcinoma?
How is it diagnosed? How is it treated? |
White adults
No sex predilection Surgical excision with radiation therapy for large lesions. Diagnosed with biopsy |
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Benign tumors of the salivary glands are called?
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Adenomas
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Malignant tumors of the salivary glands are called?
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Adenocarcinomas
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Where are minor gland tumors most likely found?
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junction of hard and soft palate, but also found on labial and buccal mucosa, retromolar area, floor of mouth, rarely on the tongue, upper lip more often than lower lip.
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Most common salivary gland neoplasm and accounts for 90% of all benign salivary gland tumors; encapsulated tumor composed of epithelial and connective tissue, for this reason the tumor is also called?
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Pleomorphic adenoma
Benign mixed tumor |
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The tissue of a pleomorphic tumor that looks like connective tissue is derived from a salivary gland called?
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Myoepithelial cell
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What is the most common extraoral location for a pleomorphic adenoma?
What is the most common intraoral location? How does it appear clinically? |
Parotid gland
Palate Slow enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass a few centimeters. |
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What is the patient demographic for pleomorphic adenoma?
What is the treatment? Malignant transformation of these tumors occurs and it's called? |
Surgical excision
Partial paratidectomy Carcinoma arising in a pleomorphic adenoma |
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Benign encapsulated salivary gland tumor that does not have the connective tissue like component; occurs in adult women and is found on the upper lip and buccal mucosa.
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Monomorphic adenoma
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Unique type of monomorphic adenoma that contains two types of tissue, epithelial and lymphoid.
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Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum aka Warthin's tumor
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Painless, soft, and compressible or fluctuant mass, usually located in the parotid gland; intraoral examples are very rare; occurs in adult men, surgical excision, recurrence is rare.
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Warthin's tumor
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Malignant tumor of the salivary gland that can originate from either major or minor salivary gland tissue; unencapsulated, small, deeply staining, uniform epithelial cells arranged in round-to-oval islands; appearance swiss cheese. These round and oval islands are called.
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Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma or Cylindroma
Cylindroma |
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What is the most common extraoral site for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma? What is the most common intraoral site?
What is the clinical appearance? Patient demographic? Treatement? Recurrence? |
Extraoral site- paratid gland
Intraoral site- palate Slowly growing mass that exhibit surface ulcerations; painful; may surround nerves Adults, more common in women Surgical excision; radiation therapy Recurrence is common |
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Malignant salivary gland tumor, unencapsulated, infiltrating tumor composed of combination of mucous cells and squamouslike epithelial cells called ____________; slowly enlarging mass that may arise centrally within the bone; mandibular molar and premolar region.
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Epidermoid cells |
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Most malignant salivary gland tumor in children.
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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Where does mucoepidermoid carcinoma involving the major glands occur most? and minor gland?
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Major gland- paratid
Minor gland - palate |
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Most common malignant salivary tumor in children.
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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These are derived from tooth-forming tissues; some are composed of epithelium only, some of mesenchyme only, and some of mixture of both; most are benign.
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Odontogenic tumors
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Benign, slow-growing but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic tumor that may arise either in the mandible or maxilla; when it arises in the maxilla it can lead to death because it infliltrates the brain and vital surrounding structures; resembles stellate reticulum.
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Ameloblastoma
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Radiographic appearance is a mutilocular soap bubble-like or honeycombed radiolucency; associated with dentigerous cysts; 80% occur in the mandible; molar area and ramus area; may cause bone expansion.
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Ameloblastoma
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When ameloblastoma occurs in the gingiva it's called?
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Peripheral ameloblastoma
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Known as Pindborg tumor; benign epithelial odontogenic tumor where the calcifications that form within the tumor appear as radiopacities within the radiolucency; occurs in mandible mostly; in assosiaction with impacted teeth.
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Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
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Encapsulated, bening epithelial odontogenic tumor that has a distinctive age, sex, and site distribution; affects 70% of females under 20 years of age; 70% of them involve the anterior part of the jaws; maxilla most common; associated with impacted teeth and dentigerous cysts; affect 50 to 60% of the roots as well; have ductlike structures making the tumor look glandlike.
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Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
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Nonaggressive cystic lesion where the epithelium is similar to that of the ameloblastoma; ameloblast-like cells and stellate reticulum-like areas; the ghost cells that are characteristic of this lesion exhbit a clear central area.
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Calcifying Odontogenic cyst
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A benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumor that occurs most often in young individuals between 10 and 29 years of age; tumor may become large and cause tooth displacement; occurs in posterior of the mandible mostly; nonencapsulated infiltrating tumor composed of a pale-staining mucopolysaccharide ground substance; tissue closely resembles tissue seen in dental papilla.
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Odontogenic myxoma
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Benign well-circumscribed tumor comosed of fibrous connective tissue and calcifications that are rounded and globular resembling cementum.
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Central cementifying fibroma
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Benign well-circumscribed tumor composed of fibrous connective tissue and calcifications that more closely resembles bone trabeculae; majority of cases occur in the mandible and cause bone expansion and facial asymmetry.
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Central ossifying fibroma
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Cementum-producing lesion that is fused to the root of a vital tooth; affects young adults, painful; well-defined radiopaque mass with a radiolucent halo that represents the periodontal ligament; affects roots of a mandibular molar or premolar tooth; causes bone expansion; removal of involved tooth; does not recur.
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Benign cementoblastoma
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Benign, mixed odontogenic tumor that occurs mostly in males under 20 years old; most common location is mandibular bicuspid and molar region; asymptomatic; causes bone expansion and swelling; nonencapsulated tumor composed of strands and small islands of ameloblast-like epithelial cells and tissue that resembles the dental papilla.
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Ameloblastic fibroma
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Benign odontogenic tumor that has features of both an ameloblastic fibroma and an odontoma; children of average age of 10 years; posterior jaws; asymptomatic; swelling; microscopic examination shows structures that resemble teeth as well as ameloblastic fibroma.
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Ameloblastic Fibro-odontoma
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Odontogenic tumor composed of mature enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp tissue; most common of the odontogenic tumors; young adults; usually in anterior maxilla; shows failure of permanent teeth to erupt; can be associated with unerupted or impacted teeth and odontogenic cysts and tumors.
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Odontoma
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Consists of a mass of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp that does not resemble a normal tooth; appears as a radiopaque mass surrounded by a thin radiolucent halo.
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Complex odontoma
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Consists of a collection of numerous small teeth; appear as a cluster of numerous miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo.
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Compound odontoma
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Well-demarcated sessile or pedunculated lesion that appears to originate from the gingival interdental papilla and is most likely derived from cells of the periodontal ligament; comppsed of cellular fibrous connective tissue interspersed with scattered bone and cementum-like calcifications.
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Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
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Benign tumor of mature fat cells; yellowish mass that is surrounded by a thin layer of epithelium.
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Lipoma
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Benign tumors derived from nerve tissue also called neurilemmoma.
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Schwannoma tumor
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Benign tumor derived from nerve tissue; well-delineated but unencapsulated, proliferation of spindle-shaped Schwann cells and perineural fibroblasts.
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Neurofibroma tumor
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Multiple neurofibromas occur in a genetically inherited disorder known as?
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Neurofibromatosis of von Recklinghausen or von Recklinghausen's disease
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Benign tumor composed of large oval shaped cells; most likely arises from a neural or primitive mesenchymal cells; affects the tongue; the overlying surface epithelium may exhibit pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.
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Granular cell tumor
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Benign neoplasm composed of cells that closely resemble those seen in the granular cell tumor; arises from primitive mesenchymal cell; present at birth; appears as a sessile or pedunculated mass on the gingiva; anterior maxillary gingiva; mostly girls.
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Gongenital Epulis
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Which tumors are extremely uncommon in the oral cavity?
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Tumors of muscles
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A benign tumor of striated muscle, has been reported to occur in the tongue.
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Rhabdomyoma
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A malignant tumor of striated muscle; most common malignant soft tissue of the head and neck in children.
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Rhadomyosarcoma
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A benign tumor of smooth muscle that may be associated with blood vessels.
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Leiomyoma
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Benign proliferation of capillaries; common vascular lesion considered as a developmental lesion rather than tumor.
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Hemangioma
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Some hemangiomas contain numerous small capillaries and they are called?
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Capillary hemangioma
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Some hemangiomas contain larger blood vessels and they are called?
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Cavernous hemangiomas
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Who do hemangiomas affect and where in the oral cavity do they occur? What do they most likely cause?
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Most present at birth; affects mostly girls; head and neck area; tongue is most common intraoral location; causes macroglossia.
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What are the clinical manifestations of Hemangiomas?
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Appear as deep-red or blue lesions that frequently blanch when pressure is applied.
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A benign tumor of lymphatic vessels; occurs at birth; half arise in the head and neck area; most common intraoral location is the tongue; ill defined mass with a pebbly surface; may lead to macroglossia.
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Lymphangioma
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A cystic lymphangioma in the neck is called?
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Cystic hygroma
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Malignant vascular tumor that may arise in multiple sites, including the skin and oral mucosa; in HIV-positive patients these tumors appear often in the oral cavity as purple macules, plaques, or exophytic tumors on hard palate and gingiva; caused by Human herpesvirus.
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Kaposi sarcoma
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Benign tumors of melanocytes are called?
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Nevus cells
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Malignant tumor of melanocytes; arise on skin; overexposure to sunlight; from the skin it may metastasize to the oral cavity; enlarging blue-to-black mass; palate and maxillary gingiva.
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Malignant melanoma
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A benign lesion composed of normal compact bone found on the midline of the palate.
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Torus palatinus or palatal torus
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A benign lesion composed of normal compact bone found on the lingual aspect of the mandible.
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Torus mandibularis or mandibular torus
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A small nodular excrescence of normal compact bone; increased incidence on individuals who hae grinding or bruxism habits.
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Exostosis
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Asymptomatic benign tumor composed of normal compact bone; slow-growing tumor that appears radiographically as either a sharply defined radiopaque mass within bone or a delineated mass attached to the outer surface of the bone; may cause expansion of bone; mostly posterior mandible.
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Osteoma
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Osteomas are a component of they syndrome.
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Gardner syndrome
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Most common primary malignant tumor of bone in patients under 40 years of age; mandible; men; diffuse swelling or mass that if often painful; toothache or tooth mobility; lip paresthesia is common.
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Osteosarcoma
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Benign tumor of cartilage.
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Chondroma
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Malignant tumor of cartilage
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Chondrosarcoma
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Comprises a broad group of disorders characterized by an overproduction of atypical white blood cells.
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Leukemia
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Which type of leukemia is most common in children and is due to proliferation of immature WBC?
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Acute leukemia
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Which type of leukemia is most common in middle-age adults and is due to excess proliferation of mature WBC?
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Chronic leukemia
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Which type of leukemia often exhibits oral lesions and what is the clinical appearance?
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Monocytic leukemia and it causes gingival enlargement with persistent bleeding.
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Malignant tumor of the lymphoid tissue.
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Lymphoma
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What is the clinical presentation of lymphoma?
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Gradual enlargement of the lymph nodes
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What is the most common intraoral location for lymphoma?
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Tonsillar region
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Systemic, malignant proliferation of plasma cells that causes destructive lesions in bone; the neoplastic plasma cells produce large amounts of immunoglobulin; causes bone pain; swelling; fractures of bone; this disease can involve the skull; spine, ribs; pelvis; long bones, and jaws; mandible is affected more.
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Multiple myeloma
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Most patients with multiple myeloma have an elevation of a single type of immunoglobulin, this elevation is called?
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Monoclonal spike
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Patients may have fragments of immunoglobulin in the urine and these fragments are called?
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Bence Jones proteins.
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A localized tumor of plasma cells in soft tissue is called?
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Extramedullary plasmacytoma
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Tumors of the jaw that metastasize from thyroid, breast, lungs, prostate gland, and kidneys; affect mandible; painful; causes paresthesia and swelling of the lips; expansion of the affected bone and loosening of the teeth involved.
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Metastatic tumors of the jaws
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