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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are three of the five Pathologic Changes to the Teeth ? |
•Genetic •Environmental •Disease processes •Metabolic disturbances •Non-genetically linked defects in normal development and growth . |
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What kind of changes occur in Category 1? |
•Category1: Changes occurring during initial growth and development of the tooth |
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What kind of changes occur in Category 2? |
•Category2: Changes occurring after tooth development when the tooth is fully erupted |
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What are three of the sevenPost-developmental abnormalities? |
•Attrition •Abfraction •Abrasion •Erosion •Pulpitis, Pulp Stones •Internal and External resorption •Enamel hypoplasia |
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Name this lesion: •Wearing away of tooth structure causedby tooth-to-tooth contact. •Some occurs over time as part of theaging process •Considered pathologic when the loss issevere and out of proportion to age of patient |
Attrition |
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Name this lesion: •Sometimes considered a subcategory of attrition •Loss of tooth structure in the cervical area due to occlusal forces –Thinner enamel at CEJ –Curvature of enamel at CEJ –Greater tensile strength of dentin |
Abfraction |
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Name this lesion: •Pathological wearing away of tooth structure due to mechanical forces •Usually from tooth brushing butcan be from other habits such as the use of bobby pins, biting thread, etc. •Usually presents as a V-shaped orU-shaped depression |
Abrasion |
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Name this lesion: •Loss of tooth structure due to chemical agents •Caries is not considered a category of thislesion •Usually from foods and liquids •Saliva should buffer acids so xerostomiacan contribute to this process •Bulimia, GERD, pregnancy, alcoholism canbe causes as well |
Erosion |
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Name this lesion: • Inflammation of the pulp from stimuli – Caries – External trauma – Trauma from occlusion, mastication – Dental procedures – Extreme temperature changes • May appear normal radiographically orhave a slight widening of the PDL at the apices • Classified as threedifferent types… |
Pulpitis |
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Name this lesion: •Inflammation will resolve and the tooth will return to normal. •Pain is usually the presenting symptomwith sensitivity to cold, sometimes hot •Percussion does not normally initiatepain •Pain usually goes away if stimulussubsides |
Reversible Pulpitis |
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Name this lesion: •Persistent pulpitis with pain that lingers or is continuous following removal of the stimulus. •Pain with cold but more with heat or mayonly be initiated with heat •Pain is severe and sharp and may worsenwhen patient lies down •Pain may occur without provocation •Endodontic treatment is usuallyindicated |
Irreversible Pulpitis |
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Name this lesion: •Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis or pulp polyp. •Always seen in association with a tooth that has a large carious lesion. •Deciduous and permanent molars mostcommon •Seen in children, teens, young adults •Tooth is so destroyed, the pulp isexposed to the oral environment •Endo or extraction to treat |
Hyperplastic Pulpitis |
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Name this lesion: •Found radiographically as an oval area ofopacity within the pulp chamber or root canal space •Asymptomatic •Etiology unknown •Incidence increases with age |
Pulp Stone |
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Name this lesion: •Destruction of tooth structure initiatedwithin the pulp chamber or root canal •Rare, usually affecting a single tooth •May be from injury to pulp tissues •Osteoclasts destroy the hard tissuewithin •Usually asymptomatic •Can occur anywhere in the pulp •In coronal area, it is referred to as“pink tooth of Mummery” •Considered diagnostic – Pink Crowns •Some can be treated with endo andothers must be extracted |
Internal Resorption |
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Name this lesion: •Destruction of tooth structure initiatedoutside the tooth •Main impetus is trauma •Many are idiopathic •Some may be from conditions thatgenerate inflammation on the external tooth surface •Some may come from conditions puttingpressure on the PDL |
External Resorption |
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Name this lesion: • Developmental orfrom inflammation or injury to the follicular tissues surrounding the crown atthe time of enamel production or calcification of the matrix • Severity is variable depending on the source andextent of the trauma or inflammation |
Enamel Hypoplasia |
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Name this lesion:•Rareconditionwhere all teeth are missing |
Anodontia |
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Name this lesion: •Congenitalabsenceof one or a few teeth –5% of the population is affected –Familial tendency is common |
Hypodontia |
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Name this lesion: •Numerouscongenitallymissing teeth (6 or more) |
Oligodontia |
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Name this lesion: •Most common of the genetic diseases that produce a decrease in the number ofteeth •Smooth skin, sparse hair, absence ofsweat glands, protuberant lips, varying degrees of xerostomia. •Many missing teeth and cone-shapedteeth. |
Ectodermal Dysplasia AKA Hereditary Hypohidrotic ED |
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Name this lesion: •Over-proliferation of the developingdental lamina. •Occurs more often in the maxilla thanmandible |
Hyperdontia |
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Name this lesion: •Affected individuals are usually short instature •Midface is deficient resulting inappearance of overdevelopment of the mandible. •Absence of clavicles •Often have cleft palate •Presence of multiple supernumerary teeth •Associatedwith increased numbers of teeth |
Cleidocranial Dysplasia |
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Name this lesion: •Progressive bilateral facial swellingappearing between ages 1.5 and 4. •Can affect the mandible or maxilla. •Displacement of the eyes occurs withmaxillary deformity. •Soap-bubble appearance of bone resemblesgiant cell granuloma. •Mandible size increases rapidly untilpuberty. |
Cherubism |
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Name this lesion: •Decrease in size of the teeth relative towhat is considered normal. •May be generalized or localizedaffecting one or two teeth •Third molars most common and maxillarylaterals second-referred often as “peg laterals” |
Microdontia |
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Name this lesion: •Increase in size of teeth relative towhat is considered the normal range for the tooth •Rarely generalized, usually localized •Fusion of teeth is often misinterpreted asthis |
Macrodontia |
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Name this lesion: •Teethshowmarkedly thickened mesial and distal marginal ridges that extend apically fromthe incisal edge. |
Shovel-shaped Incisors |
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Name this lesion: •Supplementary cusps that alter theexpected surface anatomy of the tooth. •Typically nonfuctional andcan affect any tooth –Cusp of Carabelli-considered normal anatomy –Talon cusp –Doak’s cusp –Dens Evaginatus |
Accessory Cusps |
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Name this lesion: •Accessory cusp arising from the cingulum areaof an incisor or canine. •Markedly elongated to the point that thetip may approach the level of the incisal edge of the tooth. •Groove may be present making itsusceptible to caries |
Talon Cusps |
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Name this lesion: •Accessory cusp on the facial surface ofmaxillary molar teeth. •Increased incidence of caries where thecusp fuses to the tooth surface •Pulp extends into the cusp |
Doak's Cusp |
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Name this lesion: •Anomalous cusp that emanates from thecentral groove on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth •Premolars affected most often andmandibular more than maxillary •Tooth within a tooth from an abnormality in the enamel organ producing an invagination of the enamel surface. (Enamel on the inside) |
Dens Evaginatus or Dens in Dente |
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Name this lesion: •Single tooth germ attempts to produce twoteeth •Appears as two fused teeth •Appear to have two separate pulpchambers but share the same canal. •Maxillary incisors most often affected |
Gemination |
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Name this lesion: •Occurs when tooth buds develop in suchclose proximity that contact occurs as the dentinal matrix is formed andcalcified •Crowns of the two teeth are joined byshared dentin |
Fusion |
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Name this lesion: •Rarely seen but caused by the organisms crossing the placental barrier and affecting the developing fetus •Tooth germs are altered and mammelons arealtered •Teeth are narrowed producing ascrew driver shape. •Molarsmay be “Mulberry Molars” |
Congenital Syphilis |
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Name this lesion: •Genetically transmitted disease •Teeth resemble that of a wolf (lobo). •Crowns have elongated cusp tips whileothers may be reduced in height. •Molars have a single tapered root |
Lobodontia |
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Name this lesion: •Genetic disease process •Teeth are greatly enlarged (macrodontia) •Affects all teeth except the incisors •Crowns are rounded, bulbous orglobe-like •Molars have taurodontism andcongenitally missing teeth are common |
Globodontia |
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Name this lesion: •Accessory roots are fairly commonly seen •Believed to be over-proliferation of asegment of Hertwig’sepithelial root sheath •Molars are most commonly affected •Only significant for endodontic therapyor extractions |
Supernumerary Roots |
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Name this lesion: •Abnormal curvature of the root •May be caused by trauma slightlydisplacing the position of the calcified portion of the tooth. |
Delaceration |
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Name this lesion: •Pearl-like depositsof enamel at the furcation of molars. •On maxillary molars they are located onmesial or distal surfaces •On mandibular surfaces they are on thebuccal or lingual |
Enamel Pearl |
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Name this lesion: •Failure of proliferation of the portionof Hertwig’sepithelial root sheath that is responsible for development of the form of theroots. •Only seen in molars •Identified as a component of somegenetically based syndromes. |
Taurodontism |
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Name this lesion: •Union of two teeth by cementum aloneafter the crown has formed. •May be caused by trauma causingresorption of the alveolar bone between the teeth •Often seen between the second and thirdmolars and maxillary more than mandibular. |
Concrescence |
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Name this lesion: •Excessive production of cementum on theroot surface •May involve a single tooth or multipleteeth in the same area or in multiple quadrants •Excessive could become concrescence •Incidence increases with aging •Premolars are most commonly affected. •Paget’s disease, acromegaly andpituitary giantism havebeen associated with this condition |
Hypercementosis |
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Name three of the eightAlterations in the Structure of Teeth |
•Enamel hypoplasia •Amelogenesis Imperfecta •DensInvaginatus (Dens in dente) •Dentinogenesis Imperfecta •Dentinal Dysplaisa •Regional Odontodysplasia •Hypophosphatemia •Hyposphosphatasia |
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Name this lesion: •Geneticdefect in development of enamel •Enamel matrix deposition defect willcause localized or generalized pitting of the enamel surfaces which may causean alteration of the surface color combined with a loss of translucency. |
Amelogenesis Imperfecta |
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Name this lesion: •Defects are limited to the finalhardening of the enamel surfaces •May have alterations in surface colorwith a lost of translucency •Pitting is usually not present •Can produce a “snow-capped” appearance •Other form |
Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta |
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Name this lesion: •Hereditary disease resulting in defectivedentin formation. •DEJ is affected reducing the mechanicalretention of the enamel to the underlying dentin •Loss of enamel is common •Deciduous teeth more often affected |
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
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Name this lesion: •Hereditary disorder of dentincharacterized by alterations in pulp configuration, pulp stones, shorted rootsand idiopathic periapical radiolucencies. •Radicular : amber translucency •Coronal: crowns are bulbous |
Dentin Dysplasia |
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Name this lesion: •Rare developmental anomaly characterizedby defective (thinned) enamel and dentin formation and calcifications within the pulp and dental follicle. •Most cases are idiopathic •Enamel is abnormal and pulp stones arepresent •Teeth can be painful and may need extraction |
Regional Odontodysplasia AKA "Ghost Teeth" |
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What are the four conditions that produce alterations to the color of teeth? |
•Fluorosis •Tetracycline staining •Hemolytic anemia •Porphyria |
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How does hemolytic anemia change the color of teeth? |
•Breakdown products of destroyed red blood cells cause brown coloring in the teeth |
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What is porphyria? |
•Rare genetically transmitted disease which cancause reddish brown to gray to black discoloration of the teeth |
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Name this lesion: •Caused when a particular drug is given tochildren as well as pregnant women. •Degree of involvement dependent uponage, dosage, length of time meds were taken •Produced enamel hypoplasia as well |
Tetracycline Staining |
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Name three of the seven oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS |
•Candidiasis •Hairy leukoplakia •HPV Lesions •Kaposi’s sarcoma •Aphthous ulcers •Gingivitis and Periodontal disease, ANUG •Salivary gland disease and xerostomia |
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What is significant about ANUG in AIDS patients? |
•Periodontal disease and gingivitis aremore common than NUG in the HIV/AIDS patient •All conditions can be devastating to the oral tissues. |
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Name this lesion: •Patients with HIV may have enlargement ofsalivary glands due to cyst formation, infection, malignancy, or xerostomia. •Patients with xerostomia should beencouraged to increase their water intake and use saliva substitutes. |
Lymphoepithelial Cyst |
