Oral Path Test 1 Testbank

Front 1

Name the 3 types of oral flora and briefly describe them?

Back 1

Indigenous; Exogenous & Transient

Front 2

The first bacteria of the oral cavity of a newborn receives this bacteria from where?

Back 2

the mother

Front 3

The adult has about how many species of bacteria in the oral cavity*

Back 3

700

Front 4

After 1 year, which of the following bacteria will not be found in the oral cavity

Back 4

Prevotella

Front 5

What is the first bacteria to be found in the oral cavity?

Back 5

strep salivarius

Front 6

Which bacteria attaches to Strep polymers?

Back 6

Actinomyces

Front 7

These bacteria colonize on enamel surface?

Back 7

Actinomyces and Strep mutans

Front 8

These bacteria colonize crevicular surfaces?

Back 8

Prevotella, Porphyromonas (PP)

Front 9

These two bacteria form the corn-cob? What is the term used for this formation? Herterotypic or homotypic?

Back 9

Streptococcus + Fusobacterium; coaggregation, heterotypic

Front 10

What are the 3 Microbial factors and briefly describe?

Back 10

competition for sites – production of toxin such as bacteriocins; production of metabolic end products - lower the pH; coaggregation - bacteria adhering to eachother

Front 11

Which inhibitor inhibits S. pyrogens? And which bacteria produces this inhibitor?

Back 11

enocin; Strep salivarius

Front 12

Which bacteria uses acids produced by Strep mutans?

Back 12

Veillonella

Front 13

What are the “pioneer” (first bacteria to enter) the salivary pellicle to begin formation of an oral biofilm? Which bacteria follow in formation

Back 13

Gram-postivit cocci and rods, followed by Gram-negative cocci and rods and then filaments, fusobacteria, and spirochetes

Front 14

What is the name of the only colonizing Spirochete?

Back 14

Treponema

Front 15

Which of the following is not considered a colonization factor?

Back 15

Oxygen Supply

Front 16

What 3 roles do oral flora play in systematic infection?

Back 16

Cardiovascular disease, low-weight babies, and bacterial pneumonia

Front 17

Which gram-positive bacteria is involved in the initial adhesion to the salivary pellicle and which adhesion molecule does it use?

Back 17

S. mitis; Ag I/II

Front 18

Which of the following bacteria are considered to be the cause of secondary bacterial infections?

Back 18

Treponema pallidum & Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Front 19

A toxin mediated infection of Strep pyogenes is called _____ fever? What is a unique symptom of this infection

Back 19

Scarlett; strawberry tongue

Front 20

This infection usually arises from the spread of odontogenic infection from the mandibular molar region? What is the important bacteria involved in this? And what can this infection lead to?

Back 20

Ludwigg’s Angina; Streptococci; glottal edema; asphyxiation

Front 21

Staph Aureus is Gram ____, Coaggulase ____, and catalase ____ (INSERT WITH + or -)? What kind of diseases is this associated with and what is the treatment?

Back 21

+,+,+; skin diseases(face); penicillinase-resistant penicillin (methicillin)

Front 22

What factor predisposes people for osteomylitis? Usually in mandible or maxilla? Which type of bacteria are involved

Back 22

factors that reduce vascularity of the bone; mandible; anaerobic

Front 23

Which bacteria grows on Loeffer’s or Tinsdale’s agar? Describe its virulence factors?

Back 23

Corynebacterium diphtheriae; exotoxin produced only by lysogenized strains; synthesis iron regulated; acts by ribosylation of EF-2: blocks protein synthesis

Front 24

A Thayer-Martin medium is used to isolate this bacteria? What are the important virulence factors of this bacteria; Capsule and Pili

Back 24

Neisseria Gonnerhia

Front 25

What are the growth factors of H. Influenza? What is the most serious type?

Back 25

X factor- hematin, V factor – NAD; type B

Front 26

This is a branching bacteria that contains mycolic acid(partially acid fast) in its cells walls? Is it aerobic or anaerobic

Back 26

Nocardia; aerobic

Front 27

This is a branching bacteria found around teeth & in tonsillar crypts (endogenous, normal oral flora), associated with root surface caries? Aerobic or anaerobic?

Back 27

Actinomyces; anaerobic

Front 28

This infection is Characterized by Chronic suppurative lesions, abscesses with 50% or more of people getting “lumpy jaw”? Treatment?

Back 28

Actinomycosis; Penicillin

Front 29

Which teeth are the ones most involved with lumpy jaw?

Back 29

Mandibular 1st molars, and maxillary anteriors

Front 30

Mucous patches are found in ____ syphilis; gumma is found in _____ syphilis

Back 30

secondary, tertiary

Front 31

Hutchinson’s teeth, mucous patches, mulberry molars and perforated palate are involved in this?

Back 31

Congenital syphilis

Front 32

Which of the following is not a primary viral infection? Coxsackie A, HSV, Varicella Zoster Virus, EB Virus, Pailloma Virus

Back 32

Coxsackie A

Front 33

Herpes virus is latent in what? Reactivation of oral infection occurs in what percentage of individuals? Genital infection?

Back 33

Craniospinal ganglion; 45%, 60%

Front 34

This virus produces chicken pox and shingles

Back 34

Varcella-Zoster virus

Front 35

Infectious Mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma And Hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients are involved with this virus? Where is it latent? Can it be transmitted through saliva?

Back 35

EB virus; B lymphocytes; YES CAN BE TRANSMITTED IN SALIVA

Front 36

This virus has oncogenic potentials?

Back 36

Papilloma viruses – 16 and 18

Front 37

This virus has symptoms of herpangina and is a hand, foot, mouth disease

Back 37

Cocksackie A

Front 38

Which virus produces Koplick spots

Back 38

Measles(Rubeola)

Front 39

what are the 2 components of the salivary pellicle

Back 39

Salivary proteins and bacterial glycoslytransferases

Front 40

What is the role of the pellicle?

Back 40

It is a protective interface between the tooth and the environment that acts as a diffusion barrier to slow down demineralization, also regulates bacterial adhesion and can actually promote re-mineralization*

Front 41

A biofilm is composed of bacteria embedded in a matrix composed of these?

Back 41

glucan and fructan

Front 42

Which type of plaque(location) leads to periodontal disease?

Back 42

Subgingival plaque

Front 43

What may play a role in the mineralization of plaque? Which ions are involved

Back 43

Lipids, CA2+, PO43-

Front 44

What type of ions are involved in calculus formation?

Back 44

Inorganic Ions

Front 45

Which bacteria is the primary colonizer of the tooth surface? Which one is most involved in caries?

Back 45

Strep sanguis; Strep mutans

Front 46

What is the most important factor that influences plaque formation?

Back 46

Nutrition

Front 47

Oral bacteria initially attach to this and not directly to the enamel?

Back 47

The pellicle

Front 48

Which bacteria has Type One Fimbriae to mediate binding to Proline rich proteins?

Back 48

Actinomyces viscosus

Front 49

When bacteria detach they enter this stage and are transported to new colonization sites?

Back 49

planktonic phase

Front 50

which of the following is a major component of the biolfilm? Extracellular matrix, intracellular matrix, calculus or pellicle

Back 50

extracellular matrix

Front 51

This is a calcified mass of plaque?

Back 51

calculus

Front 52

calculus formation leads to the the formation of insoluble _______?

Back 52

calicum phosphate crystals

Front 53

Many toothpastes now contain this in order to chelate excess CA ions

Back 53

pryophosphate compounds

Front 54

Supragingival calculus is usually located in these places in the oral cavity?

Back 54

lingual surfaces of mandibular incisors (near wharton's duct) or buccal of maxillary molars (near Stenson's duct)

Front 55

Which of the following is not involved in the rate of calculus formation? pH; salivary Calcium concentration; concentraion of protein & urea in submandibular savlivary gland secrection; food intake or salivary lipid levels

Back 55

Food intake

Front 56

What is the most common disease of childhood?

Back 56

Caries

Front 57

In formation of caries you will lose these crystals?

Back 57

Hydroxyapatite

Front 58

What are the 3 things involved in the etiology of caries and describe

Back 58

Microflora: acidogenic bacteria that colonize the tooth surface; Host: immune factors including saliva, habits; Diet: intake of fermentable carbohydrates, esp sucrose

Front 59

Enamel is ___% mineralized and is mainly composed of what?, dentin is ___% mineralized

Back 59

96% - calcium hydroxyapatite, 70%

Front 60

There is demineralization of hydroxyapatite at equilibrium when what conditions are present?

Back 60

Ca+2 , PO4 -3 ions at saturation and pH 6.8

Front 61

What is the critical pH?

Back 61

5.3

Front 62

As solubility increases: pH rises, falls or remains unchanged

Back 62

pH rises

Front 63

Which syndrome influences caries formation?

Back 63

Sjogren’s syndrome

Front 64

Which of the following is the most cariogenic carbohydrate? Sucrose, Fructose, glucose or xylitol

Back 64

sucrose

Front 65

This substance disrupts S. mutans metabolism

Back 65

Xylitol

Front 66

Animal studies of golden hamsters caged together with albino hamsters suggests: 1. caries is transmissible, 2. caries is more likely to occur in golden hamsters than in albino hamsters, 3. caries cannot be spread between two difference species

Back 66

Caries is transmissble

Front 67

What is the most common way a child acquires bacteria involved in caries formation?

Back 67

Vertical transmission from mother to fetus

Front 68

Which bacteria colonize on the smooth surface? Pits and fissures? Root surface?

Back 68

Smooth surface: S. mutans very significant, S. Sobrinus: very significant & S. sanguis: primary colinizers; PITS & FISSURES: s. mutans: very significant & lactobacillus; ROOT SURFACES: acinomyces species

Front 69

What are the 4 virulence factors of cariogenic bacteria?

Back 69

AAAE – acidogenic, aciduric, adherent, encapsulated

Front 70

This bacteria is alpha hemolic? Which serotypes of this organism are human pathogens

Back 70

Strep Mutans; c, e, f

Front 71

What is the most important virulence trait of cariogenic organisms which alpha residues are most soluble? Least soluble?

Back 71

GLUCANS alpha-1-6 residues: more soluble, alpha-1-3 residues: less soluable

Front 72

T/F Fructans are not water soluble

Back 72

FALSE

Front 73

This is made by bacteria during periods of carbohydrate excess?

Back 73

IPS

Front 74

These are gram-positive rods that preferentially colonize the tongue and are involved in caries progression?

Back 74

Lactobacilli

Front 75

What is homofermentation?

Back 75

When bacteria are able to produce acid because of stored IPS, can produce lactic acid at a low pH**

Front 76

In caries formation, hydroxyapatite is transformed into these ions?

Back 76

Ca2+, Po4-

Front 77

How is fluoride able to reduce caries formation? What enzyme does it inhibit?

Back 77

Fluoride is added to hydroxyapatite and makes the enamel less soluble, also fluoride helps in remineralization; inhibits enolase

Front 78

Describe the action of passive vaccines of lactobacillus?

Back 78

blocks Ag I/II (adhesion molecule) of Streptococcus mutans (rats)

Front 79

Which immunoglobin is involved in passive immunity? Which animal does it come from?

Back 79

IgY; HENS

Front 80

In active caries vaccines, what is a major risk when choosing a whole bacterial cell?

Back 80

heart cross-reactivity

Front 81

Which organism is most prominent in chronic periodontitis?

Back 81

P. Gingivalis

Front 82

Obligate anaerobes lack these 3 enzymes?

Back 82

Superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase

Front 83

Anaerobes require a low or highr redox potential? Where in the oral cavity is this found

Back 83

low; gingivo-dental sulcus

Front 84

In normal people, Eh = ?

Back 84

positive 150mV

Front 85

Oxygen is an electron ________(acceptor or donor)

Back 85

acceptor

Front 86

How does oxygen reduce the growth of anaerobes

Back 86

It increases the redox potential

Front 87

What is the most common cause of low redox potential(and thus more anaerobic growth)

Back 87

Loss of vascular supply

Front 88

Anaerobic bacteria produce their energy by this process?

Back 88

fermentation

Front 89

mixed infections of anaerobes +/- facultative anaerobes is termed what?

Back 89

Synergy

Front 90

What is the only gram negative non-spore forming cocci?

Back 90

Veillonella parvula

Front 91

Bacteroids are what kind of rods? And where are bacteroides most often isolated from an infection?

Back 91

gram negative anaerobic; below the diaphragm;

Front 92

This is the most important strict anaerobic non-spore former and most abundant organism in the adult gut? Is it pencillin resistant ?

Back 92

Bacteroides Fragilis; YES

Front 93

Which bacteria has an endotoxin that differs in compositions from typical endotoxin and is of low toxicity? What Lipid does it lack?

Back 93

Bacteroides Fragilis; Lipid A

Front 94

In breast fed infants this bacteria may constitute over 90% of the total intestinal flora

Back 94

Bifidobacterium

Front 95

What is the non-plaque associated disease associated with gingivitis?

Back 95

Linear Gingival Erthyma(LGE)

Front 96

What is the most common cause of periodontal disease?

Back 96

Smoking

Front 97

What are the 3 bacteria that are strongly associated with periodontal disesase?

Back 97

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (LEO) – early onset periodontal diseas; Porphyromonas gingivalis (adult); Tannerella forsythensis (Bacteroides forsythus) (adult)

Front 98

Which bacteria is genetically closely related to the genus Haemophilus and is facultatively anaerobic? Also it is one of the only bacteria to colonize here?

Back 98

Aa - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; buccal mucosa

Front 99

What are the important virulence factors of aA?

Back 99

Leukotoxin, endotoxin, immunosuppressive factor

Front 100

Which bacteria has a major virulence factor is endotoxin and is proinflammatory**?

Back 100

Porphyromonas gingivalis:

Front 101

This bacteria is a non-pigmented species that does not fall within the revised definition of the genus Bacteroides and has recently been reclassified?

Back 101

Tannerella forsythensis (prev. Bacteroides forsythus)

Front 102

Only 15% of these bacteria produce beta-lactamase?

Back 102

Prevotella

Front 103

Which bacteria is associated with infections above the belt? When is it often seen after? What color pigment does it produce?

Back 103

Prevotella melaninogenica; seen after oral surgery; Black

Front 104

This is a Vincent organism that is distinguished by the cell having one or both ends pointed?

Back 104

Fusobacterium

Front 105

Non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with periodontitis carry this oral bacteria?

Back 105

Campylobacter rectus

Front 106

This bacteria is a, Filamentous Gram negative bacilli?

Back 106

Capnocytophaga sp.

Front 107

This bacteria comprises over 50% of the anaerobes of periodontal pockets and is involved in the corn cob formation?

Back 107

Eubacterium

Front 108

describe A. naeslundii, A.odontolyticus, and A.israelii

Back 108

A.naeslundii: root surface caries; A.odontolyticus: enamel demineralization; A.israelii: lumpy jaw, pyogenic abscesses, sinus formation, sulfur granules

Front 109

Which 3 organisms are involved in ANUG? Also, in ANUG the oral fetor is ______?

Back 109

Fusobacterium, Treponema, streptococci, (Prevotella intermedia); Pronounced*

Front 110

This plaque hypothesis says that only certain bacteria are pathogenic?

Back 110

Specific Plaque Hypothesis

Front 111

Most clinical treatment is still based on this theory of plaque? This also says that all plaque is ____?

Back 111

Non-specific plaque Hypothesis; BAD ALL PLAQUE IS BAD

Front 112

This hypothesis says that plaque stimulates an inflammatory response to provide nutrition to gram-negative anaerobes, and then these organisms suppress the common species in a healthy crevice. This causes a population shift.

Back 112

Ecological plaque hypothesis

Front 113

In periodontitis, most organisms that occupy the gum tissue would be what type of bacteria?

Back 113

Gram negative anaerobic rods

Front 114

Which disease has gram-negative facultative rods? Is this the norm?

Back 114

Gingivitis; Yes gingivitis is the normal.

Front 115

T/F – In gingivitis there is an equal number of gram-positive and gram-negative species?

Back 115

TRUE

Front 116

In pregnancy gingivitis you have increased levels of this organism?

Back 116

Prevotella intermedia

Front 117

What are the two important organisms involved in chronic periodontitis?

Back 117

Porphyromonas gingivali & Tannerella forsythensis (Bacteroides forsythus)

Front 118

Which bacteria is most involved with early onset, aggressive periodontitis

Back 118

Aa - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Front 119

•Dentoalveolar infections can present as 2 things?

Back 119

Abscess or Cellulitis

Front 120

•Spread from carie to dentin is via what structure?

Back 120

Dentinal tubules

Front 121

•What are other reasons bacteria could reach pulp?

Back 121

Fracture, tooth wear, dental treatment, periodontis, blood supply

Front 122

•Invasion of pulp may lead to

Back 122

Pulpitis, pulp polyp, acute apical periodontisis, dentoalveolar abcess

Front 123

•Dentinoalveolar abscess can spread, to what?

Back 123

Soft tissues, may cause Cellulitis and Ludwing's angina

Front 124

–What’s a common infection route?

Back 124

Upper canine to infraorbital region

Front 125

•Like osteomylits, dentinoalveolar abscesses are caused by?

Back 125

Polymicrobial/ mixed organisms (anaerobes predominate): Porphyromonas, fusobacterium, prevotella, strep sanguis, actinomyces, peptostrept

Front 126

•What causes periodontal abscess?

Back 126

Occlusion of perio pocket by impaction (food) compression (ortho) or spread of infxn from pocket to tissue

Front 127

•Specific organisms of periodontal abscess are what?

Back 127

Anaerobic Gm- rods (porphyromanas, prevotella and fusobacteria) Streptococci (alpha hemolytic) and Spirochetes (actinomyces) anaerobic

Front 128

What 3 parts exist in treatment of periodontal abscess?

Back 128

"Incision/drainage, curettage, antibios (if systemic; fever or immunodefsnt)

Front 129

What disease increases risk of acute periodontal abscesses?

Back 129

Diabetes Mellitus

Front 130

•Are salivary gland infections (sialadinitis) commonly bacterially or virally associated?

Back 130

Virally

Front 131

what gland is most commonly affected? Age group.

Back 131

parotid; adults (except in mumps)

Front 132

What predisposing factors to viral sialadinitis:

Back 132

Xerostomia, sialotliths (stones), congenical defects, systemic disease (cystric fibrosis, diabetes, AIDS, graft vs. host)

Front 133

what is the most common cause of acute viral sialadentistu?

Back 133

Mumps virus

Front 134

where is viral sialadentistis most commone?

Back 134

Parotid duct, uni or bilateral

Front 135

what other viruses can cause sialadentisis?

Back 135

CMV, Coxsackie A, Echovirus, Influenza A

Front 136

In bacterial sialadentitis, acute infection is commonly due to which 2 organisms?

Back 136

S. aures (most imporatnt) and S. virians

Front 137

Chronic recurrent bacterial sialadentisis could be due to 2 things, which are?

Back 137

physical obstruction and resistant bacteria

Front 138

Sjrogans syndrome is also known as ?

Back 138

Keratoconjuctiviris sicca

Front 139

80% of the time, sialolithiasis (stone) is found in which gland?

Back 139

submandibular gland

Front 140

what percent of these are readio-opaque?

Back 140

90%

Front 141

in HIV patients what causes sialadenitis most commonly?

Back 141

CMV