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198 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Impetigo - bacteria or virus, and which one?
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Bacteria; S. pyogenes and S. aureus
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St. Anthony's Fire - what is it?
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Erysipelas
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Which illness resembles the butterfly rash of lupus?
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Erysipelas
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What causes erysipelas?
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Group A beta-hemolytic strep
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What disease progresses to scarlet fever?
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Strep tonsillitis/pharyngitis
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In which disease do you see red and white strawberry tongue?
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Scarlet fever
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In which disease do you see "sunburn with goosebumps"?
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Scarlet fever
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In which disease do you see desquamation of the epidermis, which lasts up to 2 months?
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scarlet fever
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How long does a syphilis chancre last?
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3-8 weeks, untreated
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How long is inoculation of syphilis before chancre is present?
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3-90 days
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Two clinical characteristics of secondary syphilis?
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maculopapular rash of skin and mucosa; mucous patch (30% of cases)
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What is the term for multiple papillary lesions seen in secondary syphilis?
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condyloma lata
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How long does secondary syphilis last?
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1-3 months, though may recur during 1 year
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Term for skin and mucosal ulcers seen in immunosuppressed patients w/ secondary syphilis?
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lues maligna
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How long is the latent period in syphilis?
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1-30 years
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What is the trademark lesion seen in tertiary syphilis?
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gumma
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In which disease do you see interstitial glossitis, and what is it?
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tertiary syphilis; result of contracture of lingual musculature after healing of gummas
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What is luetic glossitiis?
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diffuse atrophy and loss of dorsal tongue papillae in tertiary syphilis
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What is Hutchinson's triad?
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1. incisors and molars
2. interstitial ocular keratitis --> blindness 3. deafness |
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Primary TB - how many progress from infection to disease?
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5-10%
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What is lupus vulgaris?
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Cutaenous TB infection
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What is the form of TB that is contracted by drinking contaminated milk?
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scrofula
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In which disease do you see tubercles - caseous granulomas?
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TB
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Actinomycosis - what type of infection?
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bacterial
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Two types of actinomycosis?
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1. cervicofacial
2. periapical |
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In which disease do you see sulfur granules?
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actinomycosis
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Variation of cat-scratch disease seen in AIDS pts?
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bacillary angiomatosis
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What is Hansen disease?
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leprosy
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Which presentation of leprosy:
- in pts w/ high immune rxn - organisms not in skin biopsies - localized disease - 2-5 years incubation |
tuberculoid leprosy
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Which presentation of leprosy:
- reduced cell-mediated host response - numerous organisms in tissue - diffuse disease - 8-12 yrs incubation |
lepromatous leprosy
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What are the two clinical categories of leprosy?
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1. paucibacillary
2. multibacillary |
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Which clinical presentation of leprosy corresponds w/ tuberculoid leprosy?
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paucibacillary
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Which clinical presentation of leprosy corresponds w/ lepromatous leprosy?
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multibacillary
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What is the pathognomic feature of multibacillary leprosy?
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collapsed of bridge of nose
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T/F: Leprosy is highly contagious.
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false
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How does noma often begin?
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NUG
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How many cases of sinusitis are odontogenic?
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10%
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HSV-1 - which HHV?
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HHV-1
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HSV-2 - which HHV?
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HHV-2
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Varicella-zoster virus - which HHV?
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HHV-3
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Epstein-Barr virus - which HHV?
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HHV-4
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Cytomegalovirus - which HHV?
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HHV-5
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Kaposi's sarcoma - - which HHV?
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HHV-8
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HSV primary infxn in children?
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gingivostomatitis
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HSV primary infxn in adults?
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pharyngotonsillitis
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Most common locations for HSV secondary infxn?
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lips and attached mucosa (immunocompetent)
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When do prodromal symptoms occur in HSV?
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6-24 hours before lesion
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What percent of US population has HSV?
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15-50%
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Other name for recurrent digital herpes?
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Herpetic Whitlow
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Where does recurrent intraoral herpes occur?
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attached gingiva and hard palate
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Mortality rate for perinatal herpes?
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50%
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What cells are found in herpes smears?
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Tzank cells
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What is acantholysis?
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shedding of cells
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What is found in the magic mouthwash for herpes?
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4 oz Maalox or Kaopectate, 4 oz Benadryl, 1 oz viscous lidocaine
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What is the name of the antiviral cream?
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Denavir (Penciclovir)
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Name the three antiviral pills, and list them according to what Padilla favors.
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1. Valtrex (Valcyclovir) - b/c 2x/day
2. Zovirax (Acyclovir) 3. Famvir (Famciclovir) |
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What is the primary infection of VZV called?
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chickenpox
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What is the secondary infection of VZV called?
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herpes zoster
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Incubation period of VZV?
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2-3 weeks
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How can you tell the difference b/w oral lesions in HSV and chickenpox?
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Chickenpox lesions of the mouth tend to be painless
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How long does chickenpox last?
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2-3 weeks
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Herpes zoster occurs in what percentage of infected people?
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10-20%
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What is the key to diagnosing herpes zoster when looking at the lesions?
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they are unilateral - "respect the midline"
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What virus causes mono?
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Epstein-Barr virus
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How is mono transmitted?
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saliva
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Results of neonatal CMV infxn?
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enamel hypoplasia and hypomaturation, attrition (?), yellow dentin coloration
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List four of the enteroviruses
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1. poliovirus
2. coxsackievirus A&B 3. echovirus 4. enterovirus |
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How are enteroviruses tramsmitted?
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oral-fecal route
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Three clinical presentations of enteroviruses?
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1. herpangia
2. hand-foot-and-mouth disease 3. acute lymphoreticular pharyngitis |
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Other name for measles?
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Rubeola
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In which disease do you see Koplik's spots?
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measles
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Other name for mumps?
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epidemic parotitis
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what causes mumps?
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paramyxovirus
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main target of mumps?
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salivary glands
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in which condition do you see epididymoorchitis?
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mumps
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in which condition do you see erythematous & enlarged caruncle (opening of Wharton's & Stenson's ducts)?
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mumps
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List six conditions strongly associated w/ AIDS
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1. candidiasis
2. oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV) 3. Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV-8) 4. persistent generalized lymphadenopathy 5. non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 6. HIV-associated perio disease |
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List seven conditions less commonly associated w/ AIDS
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1. mycobacterial infxn (TB)
2. hyperpigmentation 3. HIV-associated salivary gland disease 4. thrombocytopenia 5. recurrent HSV infxns 6. recurrent VZV infxns 7. HPV |
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Two forms of HPV?
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1. verruca vulgaris
2. oral sqamous papilloma |
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What is verruca vulgaris?
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common wart (HPV)
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List four other conditions seen w/ AIDS
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1. histoplasmosis
2. apthous ulcerations 3. molluscum contagiosum 4. squamous cell carcinoma |
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How many adults have apthous ulcers?
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1/5
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What mucosa is affected by apthous ulcers?
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unattached mucosa
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What is the apthous triad?
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1. immunodysregulation
2. decrease of mucosal barrier 3. increase in antigenic exposure |
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What percent of apthous ulcers are minor?
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80%
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What percent of apthous ulcers are major?
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10%
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What percent of apthous ulcers are clusterform?
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<10%
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Two diseases related to major apthous ulcers?
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1. Sutton's disease
2. PMNR - periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens |
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Describe simple apthosis.
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infrequent, short duration, few lesions
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describe complex apthosis
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severe, chronic duration, 3+ lesions
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What 2 questions need to be asked about apthous ulcers?
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1. present in genitalia too?
2. family history of IBS/GI diseases? |
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What is the clinical criteria for Behcet's syndrome?
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recurrent oral ulceration plus any two of the following:
1. recurrent genital ulcerations 2. eye lesions 3. skin lesions 4. positive pathology test |
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How long do minor apthous ulcers last?
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10-14 days - less than 2 weeks
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How should clusterform & major apthous ulcers be treated?
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topical steroid - fluocinonide gel
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cause of sarcoidosis?
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don't know, but suspect mycobacteria
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Name the disease: idopathic, multisystem, non-caseating granulomatous inflammatory process
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sarcoidosis
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what area of the body can be affected by sarcoidosis?
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any
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what system is most commonly affected by sarcoidosis?
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pulmonary
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what population is most affected by sarcoidosis?
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young adult AA
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List two syndromes related to sarcoidosis
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1. Lofgren's syndrome
2. Heerfordt's syndrome |
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Name the disease:
- erythema nodosum - hilar lymphadenopathy - arthalgia |
Lofgren's syndrome
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Name the disease:
- parotid enlargement - uveitis - facial paralysis - fever |
Heerfordt's syndrome
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Name the syndrome:
- facial paralysis - fissured tongue - orofacial granulomatosis |
Melkerson-Rosenthal syndrome
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What area is affected by cheilitis granulomtosa of Meischer?
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lips only
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When doing evaluation of pts w/ OFG, how to screen for chronic granulomatous disease?
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neutrophil nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (perform if medical history of chronic infxn noted)
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When doing evaluation of pts w/ OFG, how to screen for Chron's disease?
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hematologic evaluation for evidence of GI malabsorption; if positive, then do stuff GI related and fancy sounding
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When doing evaluation of pts w/ OFG, how to screen for sarcoidosis?
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serum ACE and chest x-ray
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When doing evaluation of pts w/ OFG, how to screen for TB
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skin test and chest x-ray
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Most common location of OFG?
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lips
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Histology of OFG?
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granulomas w/o necrosis, microorganisms, or foreign bodies
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Cause of Wegener's granulomatosis?
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unknown
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Which organ systems involved in Wegener's granulomatosis?
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Almost any
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What is involved in classic Wegener's granulomatosis?
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upper and lower respirator tract; untreated --> renal involvemnet
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What is involved in limited Wegener's granulomatosis?
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upper and lower respiratory tract (no renal)
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What is involved in superficial Wegener's granulomatosis?
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lesions primarily of skin and mucosa
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strawberry gingivitis - which disease?
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Wegener's granulomatosis
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Two tests for Wegener's granulomatosis?
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P-ANCA, C-ANCA
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What does P-ANCA stand for?
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perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies
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what does C-ANCA stand for?
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cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies
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Prognosis for classic Wegener's granulomatosis?
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Poor - survival usually ~5 months; 80% die w/in 1 year, 90% w/in 2 yrs
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What is stomatitis venenata?
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allergic contact stomatitis
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Allergic contact stomatitis - male or female predominance?
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female
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Desquamative gingivitis - seen in what 3 main conditions?
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1. erosive lichen planus
2. benign mucous membrane pemphigoid 3. pemphigus vulgaris |
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two other names for angioedema?
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1. angoineurotic edema
2. Quincke's disease |
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what is the most common cause of angioedema?
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cell degranulation --> histamine release
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What medications cause non-IgE-mediated angioedema?
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ACE inhibitors
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Will angioedema as a result of ACE inhibitors respond to antihistamines or corticosteroids?
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no, you fool!
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Which syndrome associated w/ paramedian lip pits?
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Van der Woude syndrome
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What's the big problem w/ Van der Woude syndrome?
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submucosal or occult cleft lip
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what is associated w/ double lip?
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Asher syndrome
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triad of features associated w/ Asher syndrome?
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1. double lip
2. drooping eyes 3. nontoxic thyroid enlargement |
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what type of glands are fordyce granules?
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sebaceous
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what is leukoedema?
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glycogen deposition
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what syndromes are associated w/ macroglossia?
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1. Beckwith-Wiedemann
2. hemihyperplasia 3. Down syndrome |
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What syndrome is associated w/ microglossia?
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Pierre-Robin
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another name for geographic tongue?
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erythema migrans
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are lingual varicosities linked to peripheral vascular disease?
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nope
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which palatal cyst of the newborn is found at the median palatal raphe, at the line of fusion?
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Epstein's pearls
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where are Bohn's nodules primarily found?
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hard/soft palate junction
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treatment for palatal cysts of newborns?
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leave em alone
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another name for nasolabial cyst?
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nasoalveolar cyst
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where does a nasolabial cyst occur?
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upper lip, lateral to midline
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what's the deal w/ globulomaxillary cysts?
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they don't exist
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most common non-odontogenic cyst of oral cavity?
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nasopalatine duct cyst
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shape of nasopalatine duct cyst?
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inverted pear
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another name for nasopalatine duct cyst?
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incisive canal cyst
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shape of median palatal cyst?
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round or ovoid
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does median palatal cyst communicate w/ incisive canal?
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nope
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median palatal or nasopalatine duct cyst: which can have neurovascular bundles, hyaline cartilage, and minor salivary glands in cyst wall?
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nasopalatine duct cyst
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median mandibular cyst - exist?
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not sure, more likely odontogenic in origin
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syndrome related to epidermoid cyst of the skin?
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Gardner
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difference b/w dermoid and epidermoid cysts?
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dermoid cysts have skin adenexal structures w/in the CT wall
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are dermoid cysts true teratomas?
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nope, but they're still pretty dang gross!
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what is a teratoma?
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developmental growth w/ components from all three germ layers
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what is the procedure that removes the entire thyroglossal tract and part of the hyoid bone?
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Sistrunk procedure
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what causes median rhomboid glossitis?
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candida infxn
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what are the two stains used for fungal infxns?
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PAS, GMS
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What does PAS stand for (re: stains)
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Periodic acid-Schiff
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What does GMS stand for (re: stains)
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Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver
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List the three antifungal meds Padilla highlighted.
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1. Nystatin (polyene agent)
2. Clotrimazole (imidazole agent) 3. Fluconazole (triazole agent) |
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which deep fungal infxn is related to bird and bat droppings and is common in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys?
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histoplasmosis
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In which patients do you tend to see disseminated histoplasmosis infxns?
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AIDS pts
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Another name for paracoccidiodomycosis?
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South American blastomycosis
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which is the only fungal infxn that will stain positive w/ mucicarmine stain?
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cryptococcosis
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two other names for zygomycosis?
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1. mucormycosis
2. phycomycosis |
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what two immunocompromised pts are hosts for zygomycosis infxns?
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1. uncontrolled diabetics
2. rhinocerebral z. |
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which fungus demonstrates 90-degree branching?
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zygomycosis
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which fungus infxn is related to sinusitis?
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aspergillosis
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what is the critical period for dental fluorosis?
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2-3 yrs
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contact surfaces in attrition?
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tooth-tooth
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contact surfaces in abrasion?
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tooth-object
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when do you see pink tooth of mummery?
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internal root resorption
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2 syndromes associated w/ hypodontia?
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1. ectodermal dysplasia
2. Gorlin syndrome |
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2 syndromes associated w/ hyperdontia?
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1. cleidocranial dysplasia
2. Gardner syndrome |
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which defect results from splitting of a tooth bud and there is a normal tooth count?
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gemination
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which defect results from the union of two tooth buds and produces a tooth count of one less than normal?
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fusion
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Amelogenesis imperfecta - type I is...?
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hypoplastic
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Amelogenesis imperfecta - type II is...?
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hypomaturation
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Amelogenesis imperfecta - type III is...?
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hypocalcification
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Amelogenesis imperfecta - type IV is...?
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hypoplastic/hypomaturation
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which form of AI produces a snow-capped pattern?
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type II
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what's the problem w/ type I AI?
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inadequate deposition of enamel matrix
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what's the problem w/ type II AI?
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defective crystal structure --> soft enamel
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what's the problem w/ type III AI?
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defective crystal structure --> soft enamel
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which form of AI is associated w/ taurodontism?
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type IV
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what's the problem w/ dentinogenesis imperfecta?
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dentin sucks, and enamel breaks off (in spite of being flawless) due to lack of support
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which type of dentin dysplasia is type I?
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radicular
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which type of dentin dysplasia is type II?
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coronal
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which defect results in "ghost teeth"?
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regional odontodysplasia
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what causes Riga-Fede disease?
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natal/neonatal teeth
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what condition looks similar to anesthetic necrosis?
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necrotizing sialometaplasia
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what is the term for lead poisoning?
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plumbism
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what is the term for mercury poisoning?
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acrodynia
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what is the term for silver poisoning?
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argyria
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two mechanisms by which drugs discolor oral mucosa?
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1. deposition of metabolites
2. melanocyte stimulation |
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which antimicrobial drug creates the blue stain in gums/teeth?
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minocycline
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what is the condition that can result from placing topical tetracycline in a lipid-like vehicle into a surgical site?
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myospherulosis
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what type of infiltrate in an antral pseudocyst?
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inflammatory infiltrate
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