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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of the Oral Mucosa?
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Protection
Sensation Secretion |
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Layers of the body from outside going in:
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Epithelial layer: Stratified Squamous
Lamina Propria layer: Connective Submucosa layer: Connective Periosteum layer: Connective Bone: Connective |
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Environmental fluctuations in the Oral Mucosa and what causes them?
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Temperature
pH -- acidic or base Oxygen -- nose or mouth breather Diet -- what do you drink? |
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pH reading of a caries free person?
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7.2
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pH reading of a person with caries?
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5
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What is the significance of an acidic pH on bacterial growth?
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S. Mutans loves a low pH.
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What makes the mouth acidic?
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Glycolysis makes Pyruvate
Fermentation makes Lactate |
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Lines of Defense against Invasive Oral Microbes
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1. Oral Mucosa -- mechanical barrier--innate
2. Saliva --IgA, Amylase, Lysozymes, Lipase 3. GCF -- Neutrophils, PMNs, Monocytes, Macrophages 4. Antibacterial Peptides a. Toll-like Receptors -- PAMPS (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns) b. Bacteriocins -- Proteins secreted by commensal bacteria (friendly bacteria). They kill bad bacteria. c. Defensins -- Bacterial busters - they embed themselves in the wall of bad bacteria which causes it to pop!! |
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What is Commensal bacteria
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Friendly bacteria
Kills bad bacteria |
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Dendritic Cells
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Presents the antigen
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What makes up the Acquired Pellicle?
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(Sensational Guys AIM)
1. Salivary 2. Glycoproteins 3. Amylase 4. IgA 5. Mucins |
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What is Amylase?
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They break down carbohydrates.
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What are Mucins?
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They are sticky glycoproteins and carbohydrates
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What makes the oral cavity acidic?
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1. Glycolysis -- produces pyruvate
2. Fermentation -- produces lactate |
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What is lysozymes?
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Antibacterial enzymes that burst Gram + bacteria.
Gram - are more resistant to lysozymes. |
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What is Lipase?
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They break up lipopolysaccharides which are Gram -.
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Components of Gingival Crevicular Fluid?
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1. Neutrophils
2. PMNs 3. Monocytes / Macrophages |
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Components of Saliva?
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(Iguanas Always Love Llamas)
1. IgA 2. Amylase 3. Lysozymes 4. Lipase |
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What are the normal microbes and the normal flora called?
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Commensal Bacteria
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What bacteria is located in the crypts and fissures of the tongue?
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Gram -
Anaerobic |
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How do you identify Microbes?
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1. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reactions)
2. Cultivation 3. Microscopy |
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What is PCR?
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A long scale of bacteria DNA.
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What is Cultivation?
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Look at their morphology and their chemistry.
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How does bacteria divide?
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Binary Fission
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What is Transformation?
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Naked DNA
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What is Transduction?
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Virus (Phage)
Plasmid |
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What are Transposons?
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Jumping Genes
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What are transposons?
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DNA segments that shift from one part of the Genome to Another.
They can jump on plasmids and then the plasmids go to other bacteria. |
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What is Transduction?
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Phage DNA can sit dormant in a bacterial chromosome.
It can actively bud off from bacterial chromosomes and take part of the bacteria chromosome with it. It then replicates. Phage = Bacterial Virus |
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How does Transformation work?
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Naked DNA goes to another bacterial cell and pieces together with it.
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What has this genetic material of bacterial exchange caused?
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Resistant Strains of Antibiotics
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What is Conjugation?
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Bacteria exchange thru Pili.
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What type of defense does saliva give against invasive oral microbes?
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Innate
Prevents adherance to tooth enamel. |
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Stages of formation of the Dental Plaque biofilm.
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1.) 1* Colonizers -- Gram +; Faculative Anaerobes; S. Mutans; Key word is "Strep"
2.) 2* Colonizers -- Gram- ; Anaerobes; FUSObacterium Nucleatum Actinomyces 3.) 3* Colonizers -- Gram- ; Strict Anaerobes 4.) Climax Community -- Robust Ecosystem 5.) Cells break away to form new colonies -- called Quorum Sensing |
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What is Quorum Sensing?
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Group of Bacteria sensing their environment can no longer support them. They break away to find a new home.
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What is Planktonic bacteria?
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The outer layer of bacteria.
They don't grow unless they encounter another surface. |
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______ is the transport medium for planktonic oral bacteria.
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Saliva
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