Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is gingivitis?
|
Inflammation of the gingivia.
Usually caused by plaque / calculus under the gingiva. |
|
|
What is periodontal disease?
|
Loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament.
Infection of supporting structures of the tooth. |
|
|
In general, what types of bacteria might be found in gingival pockets?
|
Gram - Anaerobes
Porphyremonas Gingivalis Tannerella Fusbacterium Nucleatum |
|
|
What is chronic periodontitis?
|
It is the most common form usually found in adults.
Plaque and calculus present Slow to moderate progression of tissue destruction. |
|
|
What is aggressive periodontitis?
|
Familial
Genetic Progression of tissue destruction is rapid Gram - bacteria |
|
|
What are the two types of aggressive periodontitis?
|
Localized Aggressive Perio
Generalized Aggressive Perio |
|
|
What is Localized Aggressive Perio?
|
Onset at puberty
Incisors and first molars STRONG Antibody Response Slow to moderate progression |
|
|
What is Generalized Aggressive Perio?
|
Onset under 30 years
Involves at least 3 teeth other than molars and incisors POOR Antibody Response |
|
|
General types of bacteria expected in a diseased oral cavity.
|
Diseased:
Gram + and Gram - Anaerobic Acidic |
|
|
What are the three (3) major bacterial species that are associated with deep pocket depth and bleeding?
|
P. Gingivalis
T. Forsythia T. Denticola **Called the Red Zone Bacteria |
|
|
Common exotoxins released by subgingival bacteria?
|
Collagenase -- Breaks down connective tissue.
Protease -- Breaks down proteins & damages cell membranes. |
|
|
What effect to endotoxins have on host cells?
|
Cytotoxicity; Tissue Damage
Gram - breaks open and releases lipopolysaccharides and releases endotoxins which cause tissue to die and become infected. |
|
|
What effect does hyaluronidase have on host cells?
|
It breaks down connective tissue and cartilage.
|
|
|
What is the role of histamine?
|
It makes blood cells leaky -- permeable.
|
|
|
Which granular leukocytes are the first to arrive at the site of inflammation?
|
Neutrophils
PMNs |
|
|
What role do macrophages play in the inflammatory response?
|
They arrive at the scene several hours later. They phagocytize pathogens and antibody-antigen complexes.
|
|
|
What role does interleukin-1 play in bone reabsorption?
|
Secreted by macrophages.
They recruit cells to the site of inflammation. Causes fever Causes tissue damage Causes bone reabsorption |
|
|
What role to metalloproteases play in the inflammatory process?
|
Destroys tissues
|
|
|
How do localized oral infections become systemic?
|
It gets into the blood stream.
|
|
|
Systemic Diseases linked with oral pathology?
|
CNS
CardioValve Defects Atherosclerosis |
|
|
What general types of bacteria would be expected in supragingival plaque?
|
Gram +
Aerobic |
|
|
What general types of bacteria would be expected in subgingival plaque?
|
Gram -
Anerobic |
|
|
True or False: Exotoxins are released by living bacteria?
|
True
|
|
|
What do exotoxins do?
|
Break down connective tissue and allow bacteria to permeate
|
|
|
Hyaluronidase is an ________?
|
Exotoxin
|
|
|
Mast cells produce and secrete ____?
|
Histamine
|
|
|
General types of bacteria in a healthy oral cavity?
|
Healthy:
Gram + aerobes |
|
|
_________ plays a role in both destroying bacteria and in bone reabsorption.
|
Interleukin-1
|
