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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is leukoplakia? |
Neoplastic lesion |
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What does leukoplakia look like? |
Heterogenous white patches that do not scrape off. |
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What additional presentation can leukoplakia have that may be more cause for alarm? |
Erythema throughout it |
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What is leukoplakia most associated with? |
Alcohol and tobacco consumption |
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What are 4 clinical manifestations of oral squamous cell carcinoma? |
- heterogenous leukoplakia - nonhealing ulcer - ulcerated nodule - mass |
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What are the symptoms of oral squamous cell carcinoma after it has begun invasion? (5) |
- Pain - Paresthesia - Abnormal tongue movements - Dysphonia - Dysphagia |
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What pathogens are risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma? (3) |
- EBV - HPV - HIV |
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What diet can cause risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma? |
- meats that are high in nitrates |
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What occupational exposures can lead to a high risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma? (2) |
- Asbestos - Perchloroethylene (dry cleaning) |
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What unique food in Asia can cause oral squamous cell carcinoma? |
Betel nut chewing |
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What kind of autoimmune disease is oral lichen planus? |
T-cell mediated destruction of basal cells |
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What does oral lichen planus look like? (3) |
- Keratotic - Erythematous - Ulcerated |
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How is oral lichen planus diagnosed? |
Diagnosis of exclusion |
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What causes oral hairy leukoplakia? |
EBV infection in HIV patient |
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What does oral hairy leukoplakia look like? |
homogenous hyperkeratotic patches |
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What species of Candida causes oral candidiasis? |
Candida albicans |
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What cohorts besides the immunocompromised tend to get thrush? (2) |
Infants and the elderly (via dentures) |
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When is thrush worrisome? |
If it is chronic after infant stage |
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How does candida differ from other white lesions? |
It scrapes off |
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What is Wharton's duct? |
The duct that drains the submandibular gland |
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What is Stensen's Duct? |
The duct that drains the parotid gland |
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What term refers to a dry mouth? |
Xerostomia |
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What can cause xerostomia? (4) |
- Aging - Anticholinergics - Radiation - Sjögren's syndrome (autoimmune attack on salivary glands) |
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What term refers to autoimmune attack of both salivary and lacrimal glands? |
Sicca syndrome |
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What are complications of xerostomia? (3) |
- Altered sense of taste - Dysphagia - Dental caries |
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What term refers to stones that block the salivary ducts? |
Sialolithiasis |
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Which gland is the most likely to form stones? |
Submandibular glands |
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What can cause sialolithiasis? (3) |
- Xerostomia by anticholinergics - Trauma - Dehydration |
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What is inflammation of the salivary gland called? |
Sialadenitis |
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What is the clinical manifestation of sialolithiasis? |
Swollen gland (painless) |
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What is the treatment for sialolithiasis? (4) |
- NSAIDs - Warm Compresses - Hydration - Sialologues (Lemonheads) |
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What is the main difference in symptoms of sialadenitis versus sialolithiasis? |
Sialadenitis is painful |
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What viruses can cause sialadenitis? (4) |
- Mumps - Enteroviruses - Influenza - HIV |
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What is the most unique sign of bacterial sialadenitis? |
Trismus - inability to open one's mouth |
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What is the least effective part of the MMR vaccine? |
Mumps (only 78% effective) |
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What two micro-organisms adhere to teeth the best to lead to dental caries? (2) |
- Streptococcus mutans - Lactobacillus species |
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What is an enamel defect of teeth called? |
White-spot lesion |
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What does a cavity look like? |
Light- to dark-brown spots (bc dentin is exposed) |
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What additional symptom is associated with dentin exposure? |
Temperature sensitivity |
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What term refers to infection of the pulp?
What are its symptoms? (3) |
Pulp abscess - temperature sensitivity, pain, fever |
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What is a periapical abscess? |
Necrosis of pulp and invasion into bone and surrounding soft tissue |
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What chemical in Orbit gum helps prevent dental caries? |
Xylitol |
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What oral bacteria can lead to periodontal disease? (2) |
- Actinobacillus - Bacteroides |
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What is periodontitis? |
Loss of attachments and destruction of bone |
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What teeth are first to go in edentulism? |
Molars and incisors |
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What are aphthous sores? |
Canker sores (caused by stress) |
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What size differentiates minor and major aphthae? |
<5mm = minor aphthae |
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What are 6 uncommon causes of aphthous sores? |
- AIDS - Celiac dz - Crohn dz - Behcet's dz - Methotrexate - Neutropenia |
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How does primary HSV-1 look different from aphthous sores? |
Solid white, many spots all over for HSV-1, can be along gums |
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Where does secondary HSV-1 occur? |
lip and face |
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What causes herpangina? |
Coxsackia A virus (reticular look) |
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What is hand, foot, and mouth dz? |
Coxsackie A or B virus with hand and foot involvement as well as mouth lesions
(palms and soles) |
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What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome? |
Cell-mediated autoimmune disease against keratinocytes
(black, yellow, red, pink can be at all mucosal sites) |
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What drug can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw? |
Bisphosphonates |
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What causes mucositis? (2) |
Radiation or chemo
(erythema and soreness of the mouth that resolves in 10-14 days) |
