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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factor released by osteoblasts, activates osteoclast precursors to proliferate; it also has an indirect role in osteoclast stimulation.
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IL-1
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Factor released by osteoblasts, activates osteoclast precursors to proliferate; it also has an indirect role in osteoclast stimulation.
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TNF
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Factor released by bone marrow stromal cells, induces osteoclast formation.
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CSF-1
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Factor that inhibits osteoclast differentiation.
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Osteoprotegrin
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Factor released by various bone cells, especially by osteoclasts, stimulates the formation of other osteoclasts.
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IL-6
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Factor released by T lymphocytes, inhibits differentiation of osteoclast precursors into osteoclasts.
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IL-gamma
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Factor liberated from bone matrix during osteoclasia, induces osteoblasts to manufacture bone matrix and enhances the process of matrix mineralization; also, it inhibits proliferation of osteoclast precursors and their differentiation into mature osteoclasts
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TGF-beta
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Which early osteoblast genetic signal turns stem cell to preosteoblast cell?
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Runx-2
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Which early osteoblast genetic signal turns stem cell to preosteoblast cell?
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BSP and osteopontin
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Runx-2 is a critical early regulatory osteoblast genetic signal that activates the secretion of which organic matrix protein?
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Type I collagen
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Which of the following preosteoblast genetic signal drives the differentiation of preosteoblasts to osteoblasts?
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Osterix
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Osterix is a critical regulatory gene of preosteoblast genetics that activates what factor that is bone specific?
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Beta-catenin
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Which preosteoblast genetic signal is activated by osterix and shared with the tooth pathway?
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Dlx
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Which early osteoclast genetic signal drives the differentiation of a hematopoietic stem cell to a progenitor osteoclast?
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M-CSF
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What turns preosteoclasts into osteoclasts and is expressed on osteoblasts?
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RANKL
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What turns preosteoclasts into osteoclasts and is expressed on preosteoclasts?
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RANK
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Which sex hormone binds to and directly down regulates RANKL expression in osteoblasts?
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Estrogen
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What thyroid hormone indirectly down regulates RANKL (osteoblasts) thereby limiting the activation of osteoclast and limiting bone resorption?
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Calcitonin
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What is the activator that is activated by calcitonin and directly down regulates RANKL?
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YY1
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Which thyroid hormone binds to and directly up regulates RANKL, Runk-2, and Osterix in osteoblasts?
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PTH
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Genetic Early Position Signals within Epithelium of ‘early tooth development’ include all except:
a. BMP-4 b. Pax-9 c. Lhx-6 d. FGF-8 |
A. BMP-4
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Which is not a genetic signal for tooth type determination of Incisors:
a. Barx-1 b. Msx-1 c. Msx-2 d. Alx-3 |
Barx-1
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Heterozygous mutation or deletions in Pax-9 (Pax-9 -/+ )may result in:
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Hypodontia
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The genetic repressor of Pax-9 early position signals expressed in mesenchyme during early tooth development includes:
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BMP-4
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Barx-1, Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 are genetic signals for which tooth type?
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Molars
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Dlx-1, Dlx-2 and Msx-1 are genetic signals for which tooth type?
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Canines
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After early positioning signals and patterning has been established, the primary genetic cue for tooth initiation within epithelium is:
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Shh
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Genetic mutations in Gli-2 & Gli-3 genes prevents tooth formation. A mutation of which gene causes similar results?
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Pax-9
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Mutations or deletions of Shh gene may result in:
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Cleft pallate
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Which ectodermal signals in Bud Stage requires BMP-4 expression?
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Shh
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Which Mesenchymal signals in bud stage require BMP-4 expression?
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BMP-2
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During cap stage: Shh expressed in the enamel knot along with what other signal?
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P21
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Which genetic signal is expressed in the enamel cord along with Shh?
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BMP-2
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During the cap stage, which signals trigger secondary enamel knots?
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FGF-4
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From Cap to Bell, which signals cause cuspal morphogenesis? (know all 3)
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Tabby, downless, crinkled
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