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361 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ACUTE FEBRILE DISEASE MARKED BY DECREASE IN CIRCULATING GRANULOCYTES

INDUCED BY DRUGS/RADIATION
AGRANULOCYTOSIS
ALLERGIC RXN
HYPERSENSITIVE RXN TO ALLERGEN THAT BODY WAS PREVIOUSLY SENSITIZED.

RXNS ARE CLASSIFIED AS TYPE I TO TYPE VI (STRONG TO WEAK)
AUSCULATATION
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF LISTENING FOR SOUNDS MADE BY BODY TO DETECT ABNORMAL CONDITION
ANAPHYLAXIS
VIOLENT ALLERGIC RXN THAT CAUSES COLLAPSE,SHOCK, RESP/CIRCULATION FAILURE, AND URTICARIA AFTER EXPOSURE TO ALLERGEN
INDICATES CONC OF HEMOGLOBIN OR NUMBER OF RBC THAT ARE BELOW NORMAL W/RESPECT TO AGE AND SEX

SYMPTOMS: WEAK/PALLOR/ANOREXIA
ANEMIA
ANGINA
CHOCKING PAIN

DISEASE PRODUCING PAIN
ANGIOEDEMA
SWELLING OF LIPS,CHEEKS, EYE LIDS,TONGUE, SOFT PALATE, PHARYNX FROM FOOD ALLERGY OR DRUG. SWELLING OF GLOTTIS CAN BLOCK AIR WAY
ANTICOAGULANT
PREVENTS COAGULATION OF BLOOD
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
LOWER BP
APTHOUS ULCER
PAINFUL,SHALLOW,ULCERATED LESION THAT LASTS 7-10 DAYS.

TRAUMA,MENSES,IMMUNE,UPPER RESP INFECTION, AND HERPES ARE CAUSES.

ULCERS HAVE WELL DEFINED ERYTHEMA AND CENTRAL AREA OF NECROSIS W/SLOUGHING
BLOOD DYSCRASIA
CONDITION LIKE LEUKEMIA OR HEMOPHILIA WHERE BLOOD CONSTITUENTS ARE ABNORMAL OR IN ABNORMAL QUANTITIY
BRUXISM
GRINDING TEETH
CANDIDIASIS
FUNGAL INFECTION BY CANDIDA ALBICANS CAUSES ULCERS

CAN INDICATE HIV
CARIES
DECAY OF TOOTH

DEMINERALIZATION
CHIEF COMPLAINT
MAIN SYMPTOM OF PT
CIRRHOSIS
DEGENERATIVE DISEASE OF LIVER WHERE BF IS RESTRICTED AND DETOXIFICATION CANT HAPPEN
CONTRAINDICATION
SYMPTOM THAT INDICATES INAPPROPRIATE TREATMENT WHICH IS NORMALLY ADVISABLE
CONVALESCENCE
PERIOD BETWEEN END OF CLINICAL MANIFESTAION OF DESEASE AND PTS RESTORATION TO COMPLETE HEALTH
DEVITALIZATION
DESTRUCTION OF PULP BY CHEMICAL,INFECTION,EXTIRPATION
DIABETES MELLITUS
LO INSULIN SO CANT USE GLUCOSE

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: POLYURIA,POLYDIPSIA,POLYPHAGA

PTS HAVE LO RESISTANCE TO INFECTION AND LESS LIKELY TO HEAL
DIAGNOSIS
DETERMING NATURE/CAUSE OF DISEASE VIA EXAM,HISTORY, OR LAB REVIEW
DIALYSIS
DIFFUSE THROUGH MEMBRANE

FILTER BLOOD OF PT WITH FAILING KIDNEY
DYSTROPHY
DEGENERATIVE DISEASE FROM FAULTY NUTRITION

EX: MOTTLED ENAMEL FROM F
ELISA
ENZYME LIKE IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

TEST FOR PROTEIN USING AB TO PROTEIN AND ENZYME

USED TO DETECT AB TO HIV; ALSO USED TO DETECT HCG IN PREG. TESTS
DENTAL EROSION
LOSS OF HARD SUBSTANCE OF TOOTH BY CHEMICALS THAT DO NOT INVOLVE BACTERIA
ETIOLOGY
ORGIN OF DISEASE
EPILEPSY
NEURO DISORDER CHARACTERISIZED BY MOTOR/SENSORY ATTACKS WO LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

SEIZURES
FISTULA
ABNORMAL TRACT CONNECTING 2 BODY CAVITIES,ORGANS, OR PHYSIOLOGICAL SPACES
HEMOPHILIA
SEX LINKED BLOOD DISORDER MAINLY IN MALES WHERE BLOOD DOES NOT CLOT NORMALLY
HEMOPTYSIS
BRONCHIAL HEMORRHAGE MANIFESTED W/SPITTING BLOOD
HEPARIN
MUCOPOLYSACC W/HI MOL. WEIGHT

PREVENTS BLOOD CLOTTING
HEPATITIS
INFLAM OF LIVER
HYPEREMIA
INCREASE BLOOD IN TISSUE

ACTIVE-DUE TO ARTERIOLE AND CAP DIALATION

PASSIVE-DUE TO DECEASE OUTFLOW OF BLOOD
HYPERPLASIA
INCREASE IN NUMBER OF CELLS IN TISSUE NOT DUE TO TUMOR
INCUBATION
DEV. OF INFECTION FROM TIME PATHOGEN ENTERS BODY TILL PT GETS SICK
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IE
INFECTION OF ENDOCARDIUM/VALVES OF HEART BY MO.

INFECTION OF PROSTHETIC VALVES IS PROSTHETIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS

INFECTION OF ENDOTHELIUM OF BV IS INFECTIVE ENDOARTERITIS
BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
IE CAUSED BY BACTERIA
SUBACUTE BE
BE W/SLOW ONSET THAT CAN BE FATAL IN MONTHS

CAUSED BY STAPHLOCOCCUS AURES INFECTING HEART VALVES
JAUDIC
YELLOW STAINING OF INTEGUMENT,SCLERA, AND TISSUE AND EXCRETION W/BILE RESULTING FROM INCREASE LEVELS OF PLASMA
KAPOSI SARCOMA
MALIGNANT NEOPLAM OF CONN TISSUE THAT OCURS BELOW SKIN ON MUCOSA
LYMPHADENOPATHY
ANY DISEASE PROCESS AFFECTING LYMPH NODE
MALAISE
FEELING OF GENERAL DISCOMFORT; FIRST INDICATION OF DISEASE
MACULE
PATCH OF SKIN THATS DISCOLORED BUT NOT DEPRESSED OR ELEVATED
PETECHIAL
MINUTE HEMORRHAGIC PINPOINTS IN SKIN WHICH ARE NOT BLANCHED BY PRESSURE
POLYDIPSIA
EXCESSIVE THIRST
PRECIPITATING FACTORS
ASSOCIATED W/ONSET OF DISEASE
PROTHROMBIN
PLASMA PROTEN THAT IS INACTIVE PRECURSOR OF THROMBIN. MADE IN LIVER W/VIT K. AIDS IN CLOTTING
SINUS
CAVITY IN BONE

CHANNEL FOR VENOUS BLOOD
SYNCOPE
LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND POSTURAL TONE CAUSED BY DIMINISHED BF TO BRAIN (FAINTING)
URTICARIA
HIVES
PURPOSE OF HEALTH HISTORY
GAIN INFO FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

HELP PREVENT EMERGENCY

APPRAISE PTS HEALTH/NUTRITION

HELPT PT FIND UNRECOGNIZED DISEASE

DOCUMENT RECORDS FOR COMPARISON

EVIDENCE IN LEGAL CASES
WHAT DOES COUMADIN DO?
BLOOD THINNER SO DO NOT WANT TO DO EXTRACTION ON PT ON THIS
WHAT WRITIN UTENSIL IS USED TO WRITE HEALTH HISTORY?
BLUE/BLACK INK

NO PENCIL
WHAT MEDICOLEGAL NOTATIONS MUST BE ON HEALTH HISTORY?
BLUE/BLACK INK

CORRECT DATE

NOTATION OF MEDICAL ALERT

CONFIDENTIAL

SIGNED BY PT/GUARDIAN

MUST BE UPDATED
HOW OFTEN SHOULD HEALTH HISTORY BE UPDATED?
EVERY 6 MOS

2X YEAR
WHERE SHOULD PT CONTRAINDICATION BE WRITTEN?
IN TREATMENT PROCRESS NOTES AND NOTE PROBLEM AND NEED TO STATE NO CONTRAINDICATION TO TX PRIOR TO DENTAL PROCEDURE FOR THAT DATE IN TX PROGRESS NOTES
WHICH APT SHOULD YOU ASK PT IS HE/SHE HAS ANY CHANGES IN HEALTH HISTORY?
AT EVERY APT
ADVANTAGES OF HEALTH HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE
SAVES TIME

CONSTITENT BC EVERY PT IS ASKED SAME QUESTION
DISADVANTAGES OF HEALTH HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE
IMPERSONAL INFLEXIBLE AND MAY NOT FIT EVERY SITUATION
ADVANTAGES OF HEALTH HISTORY INTERVIEW
GET MORE DETAILS

BUILD RAPPORT W/PT
DISADVANTAGES OF HEALTH HISTORY INTERVIEW
TAKES LONG TIME

MAY FORGET SOME QUESTIONS

SOME QUESTION TO EMBARRASSING FOR PT TO ANSWER
AFTER GET ANSWERS TO HEALTH HISTORY WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?
COMMENT SECTION ON FROMS FOR DH OR DS TO EXPLAIN YES ANSWERS

WRITE HEALTH HISTORY SUMMARY FOR PT
PURPOSE OF Q1:DO YOU THINK YOUR TEETH ARE AFFECTING YOUR HEALTH?
1.ESTABLISHES IN PTS MIND THAT ORAL HLTH IS PART OF GENERAL HLTH

2.PTS DENTAL PROBLEMS MAY BE RELATED TO SYSTEMIC COMPLAINTS
IMPORTANCE OF Q: ARE YOU DISSATIFIED W/APPEARANCE OF TEETH?
ESTHETICS IMPORTANT

WANT PTS EXPECTATIONS TO BE REALISTIC
IMPORTANCE OF Q: ARE YOU WORRIED ABOUT GETTING DENTAL TREATMENT?
DETERMINE REASON FOR APPREHENSION

DISCUSS FEAR W/PT AND BE SYMPATHETIC

ALLOW THERAPEUTIC VENTILATION TIME FOR PT
IMPORTANCE OF Q: HAVE YOU EVER HAD UNUSUAL RXN TO DENTAL ANESTHETIC?
IF Y

ASK PT WHAT SYMPTOMS THEY HAD

MOST UNUSUAL RXN ARE DUE TO FEAR/ANXIETY (SYNCOPE,VOMIT) AND THESE ARE NOT ALLERGIC RXNS

REMEMBER THAT ALLERGIC RXN IS ITCHING,HIVES,RASH,SWELING
IMPORTANCE OF Q: DO YOU HAVE DIFFICULTY CHEWING FOOD OR OPENING MOUTH WIDE?
ALLOW YOU TO LOOK FOR OTHER PROBLEMS LIKE:

ILL FITTING DENTURES
TMJ
CARIOUS LESIONS
MISSING TEETH
MALOCCULSION

VERY IMPORTANT TO DETERMINE IF CONDITION IS STATIC OR PROGRESSIVE,ONSET, AND IF MOVEMENT IS RESTRICTED DUE TO PAIN,DISEASE,OR OCCLUSAL INTERFERENCES
OTHER Q TO ASK IF PT SAYS YES TO Q: DO YOU HAVE SENSITIVE TEETH,BLEEDING GUMS, OR SORE GUMS?
QUESTION SEVERITY AND DURATION OF COMPLAINT

PRECIPITATING FACTORS LIKE PAIN,HOT/COLD SENSITIVITY,PERCUSSION, AND MOBILITY
WHAT DOES COLD SENSITIVITY SUGGEST?
HYPEREMIA OF PULP AND MAYBE A REVERSIBLE SITULATION
WHAT DOES HOT SENSITIVITY SUGGEST?
IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS IN PULP; PULPITIS
WHAT DOES PERCUSSION SUGGEST?
INVOLVEMENT OF PDL.
REBOUND TENDERNESS SUGGESTS A FRACTURED TOOTH
WHAT DOES MOBILITY INDICATE?
PERIO DISEASE, BRUXISM, PERIAPICAL LESION, OR TRAUMA
WHAT DOES BLEEDING GUMS INDICATE?
PERIO DISEASE, BLOOD DYSCRASIAS (LEUKEMIA)
WHAT IS A V. COMMON CAUSE OF SENSITIVE TEETH?
GINGIVAL RECESSION

ROOT EXPOSURE
PARULUS
PIMPLE ON GINGIVA DUE TO PULPITIS THAT IS TRYING TO DRAIN

USUALLY ON BUCCAL SURFACE
WHY DO YOU GET TOOTH ACHE W/SINUSES?
REFERRED PAIN FROM MAX SINUS BC MAX SINUS IS CLOSE TO MAX MOLAR ROOTS SO INFLAM OF SINUS CAUSES TOOTHACHE

TREAT W/AMOXYCYLIN
ETIOLOGY OF CANKER SORES
TRAUMA,PHYS/EMOTIONAL STRESS, NUTRION, ACIDIC FOODS, IMMUNOLOGIC DEFECT

CANKER SORES ARE CALLED APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTIC OS APHTHOUS ULCERS
ROUND/OVAL CONCAVE LESIONS WITH WHITE/YELLOW CENTERS AND RED BORDER

USUALLY ON NONKERATINIZED MUCOSA ON LABIAL AND BUCCAL MUCOSA, VENTRAL SURFACE OF TONGUE,SOFT PALATE, TONSILLAR FAUCES, AND FLOOR OF MOUTH
WHY DO YOU GET TOOTH ACHE W/SINUSES?
REFERRED PAIN FROM MAX SINUS BC MAX SINUS IS CLOSE TO MAX MOLAR ROOTS SO INFLAM OF SINUS CAUSES TOOTHACHE

TREAT W/AMOXYCYLIN
HOW ARE APHTHOUS ULCERS CLASSIFIED?
1. MINOR WHICH ARE LESS THAN 5 MM IN DIAMETER

2. MAJOR WHICH ARE LARGER THAN 5 MM IN DIAMETER
WHY DO YOU GET TOOTH ACHE W/SINUSES?
REFERRED PAIN FROM MAX SINUS BC MAX SINUS IS CLOSE TO MAX MOLAR ROOTS SO INFLAM OF SINUS CAUSES TOOTHACHE

TREAT W/AMOXYCYLIN
ETIOLOGY OF CANKER SORES
TRAUMA,PHYS/EMOTIONAL STRESS, NUTRION, ACIDIC FOODS, IMMUNOLOGIC DEFECT

CANKER SORES ARE CALLED APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
WHEN DO MINOR APHTHOUS ULCERS HEAL?
WI 7-10 DAYS
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTIC OS APHTHOUS ULCERS
ROUND/OVAL CONCAVE LESIONS WITH WHITE/YELLOW CENTERS AND RED BORDER

USUALLY ON NONKERATINIZED MUCOSA ON LABIAL AND BUCCAL MUCOSA, VENTRAL SURFACE OF TONGUE,SOFT PALATE, TONSILLAR FAUCES, AND FLOOR OF MOUTH
TREATMENT OF APTHOUS ULCERS
TREATMENT IS PALLATIVE

TREAT WITH TOPICAL STEROIDS LIKE KENALOG IN ORABASE, LIDEX
ETIOLOGY OF CANKER SORES
TRAUMA,PHYS/EMOTIONAL STRESS, NUTRION, ACIDIC FOODS, IMMUNOLOGIC DEFECT

CANKER SORES ARE CALLED APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
WHERE IS INTRA ORAL HSV 1 FOUND?
ON ATTACHED GINGIVAL TISSUE OVER BONE
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTIC OS APHTHOUS ULCERS
ROUND/OVAL CONCAVE LESIONS WITH WHITE/YELLOW CENTERS AND RED BORDER

USUALLY ON NONKERATINIZED MUCOSA ON LABIAL AND BUCCAL MUCOSA, VENTRAL SURFACE OF TONGUE,SOFT PALATE, TONSILLAR FAUCES, AND FLOOR OF MOUTH
HOW ARE APHTHOUS ULCERS CLASSIFIED?
1. MINOR WHICH ARE LESS THAN 5 MM IN DIAMETER

2. MAJOR WHICH ARE LARGER THAN 5 MM IN DIAMETER
PRIMARY HSV-1
PRIMARY HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS

IT IS ACUTE INFECTION W/HERPES 1 IN PT WITH NO PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO VIRUS
HOW ARE APHTHOUS ULCERS CLASSIFIED?
1. MINOR WHICH ARE LESS THAN 5 MM IN DIAMETER

2. MAJOR WHICH ARE LARGER THAN 5 MM IN DIAMETER
WHEN DO MINOR APHTHOUS ULCERS HEAL?
WI 7-10 DAYS
SYMPTOMS OF PRIMARY HSV-1
FEVER,MALAISE
DEHYDRATION
DIFF.EATING
IRRITABLE
PAINFUL CERVIAL LYMPHADENOPTY
PHARYNGITIS
WHEN DO MINOR APHTHOUS ULCERS HEAL?
WI 7-10 DAYS
TREATMENT OF APTHOUS ULCERS
TREATMENT IS PALLATIVE

TREAT WITH TOPICAL STEROIDS LIKE KENALOG IN ORABASE, LIDEX
TREATMENT OF APTHOUS ULCERS
TREATMENT IS PALLATIVE

TREAT WITH TOPICAL STEROIDS LIKE KENALOG IN ORABASE, LIDEX
clinical characteristics of primary herpes
many vesicles that rupture and coalesce w/ ulcers on lip,buccal,labial mucosa, and gingiva

ulcers are painful,small, yellow with red borders
WHERE IS INTRA ORAL HSV 1 FOUND?
ON ATTACHED GINGIVAL TISSUE OVER BONE
WHY DO YOU GET TOOTH ACHE W/SINUSES?
REFERRED PAIN FROM MAX SINUS BC MAX SINUS IS CLOSE TO MAX MOLAR ROOTS SO INFLAM OF SINUS CAUSES TOOTHACHE

TREAT W/AMOXYCYLIN
WHERE IS INTRA ORAL HSV 1 FOUND?
ON ATTACHED GINGIVAL TISSUE OVER BONE
onset of primary herpes
wi 3-10 days and lesions last 12-20days
PRIMARY HSV-1
PRIMARY HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS

IT IS ACUTE INFECTION W/HERPES 1 IN PT WITH NO PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO VIRUS
PRIMARY HSV-1
PRIMARY HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS

IT IS ACUTE INFECTION W/HERPES 1 IN PT WITH NO PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO VIRUS
SYMPTOMS OF PRIMARY HSV-1
FEVER,MALAISE
DEHYDRATION
DIFF.EATING
IRRITABLE
PAINFUL CERVIAL LYMPHADENOPTY
PHARYNGITIS
SYMPTOMS OF PRIMARY HSV-1
FEVER,MALAISE
DEHYDRATION
DIFF.EATING
IRRITABLE
PAINFUL CERVIAL LYMPHADENOPTY
PHARYNGITIS
ETIOLOGY OF CANKER SORES
TRAUMA,PHYS/EMOTIONAL STRESS, NUTRION, ACIDIC FOODS, IMMUNOLOGIC DEFECT

CANKER SORES ARE CALLED APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
treatment of primary herpes
acyclivir

antipyretic agents like tylenol

oral anesthetic rinses

lots of fluids
clinical characteristics of primary herpes
many vesicles that rupture and coalesce w/ ulcers on lip,buccal,labial mucosa, and gingiva

ulcers are painful,small, yellow with red borders
clinical characteristics of primary herpes
many vesicles that rupture and coalesce w/ ulcers on lip,buccal,labial mucosa, and gingiva

ulcers are painful,small, yellow with red borders
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTIC OS APHTHOUS ULCERS
ROUND/OVAL CONCAVE LESIONS WITH WHITE/YELLOW CENTERS AND RED BORDER

USUALLY ON NONKERATINIZED MUCOSA ON LABIAL AND BUCCAL MUCOSA, VENTRAL SURFACE OF TONGUE,SOFT PALATE, TONSILLAR FAUCES, AND FLOOR OF MOUTH
onset of primary herpes
wi 3-10 days and lesions last 12-20days
etiology of recurrent herpes
reactivation of herpes I

virus leaves the trigeminal ganglion and goes down nerve to make lesaion on perioral skin or oral mucosa
treatment of primary herpes
acyclivir

antipyretic agents like tylenol

oral anesthetic rinses

lots of fluids
HOW ARE APHTHOUS ULCERS CLASSIFIED?
1. MINOR WHICH ARE LESS THAN 5 MM IN DIAMETER

2. MAJOR WHICH ARE LARGER THAN 5 MM IN DIAMETER
onset of primary herpes
wi 3-10 days and lesions last 12-20days
types of herpes viruses
HSV-1
HSV-2
varicella zoster
EBV
cytomegalovirus
etiology of recurrent herpes
reactivation of herpes I

virus leaves the trigeminal ganglion and goes down nerve to make lesaion on perioral skin or oral mucosa
WHEN DO MINOR APHTHOUS ULCERS HEAL?
WI 7-10 DAYS
treatment of primary herpes
acyclivir

antipyretic agents like tylenol

oral anesthetic rinses

lots of fluids
what causes reactivation of herpes?
triggered by many things like sunlt,trauma,stress, or immunosuppression
types of herpes viruses
HSV-1
HSV-2
varicella zoster
EBV
cytomegalovirus
TREATMENT OF APTHOUS ULCERS
TREATMENT IS PALLATIVE

TREAT WITH TOPICAL STEROIDS LIKE KENALOG IN ORABASE, LIDEX
etiology of recurrent herpes
reactivation of herpes I

virus leaves the trigeminal ganglion and goes down nerve to make lesaion on perioral skin or oral mucosa
what causes reactivation of herpes?
triggered by many things like sunlt,trauma,stress, or immunosuppression
types of herpes viruses
HSV-1
HSV-2
varicella zoster
EBV
cytomegalovirus
WHERE IS INTRA ORAL HSV 1 FOUND?
ON ATTACHED GINGIVAL TISSUE OVER BONE
what causes reactivation of herpes?
triggered by many things like sunlt,trauma,stress, or immunosuppression
PRIMARY HSV-1
PRIMARY HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS

IT IS ACUTE INFECTION W/HERPES 1 IN PT WITH NO PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO VIRUS
SYMPTOMS OF PRIMARY HSV-1
FEVER,MALAISE
DEHYDRATION
DIFF.EATING
IRRITABLE
PAINFUL CERVIAL LYMPHADENOPTY
PHARYNGITIS
clinical characteristics of primary herpes
many vesicles that rupture and coalesce w/ ulcers on lip,buccal,labial mucosa, and gingiva

ulcers are painful,small, yellow with red borders
onset of primary herpes
wi 3-10 days and lesions last 12-20days
treatment of primary herpes
acyclivir

antipyretic agents like tylenol

oral anesthetic rinses

lots of fluids
etiology of recurrent herpes
reactivation of herpes I

virus leaves the trigeminal ganglion and goes down nerve to make lesaion on perioral skin or oral mucosa
types of herpes viruses
HSV-1
HSV-2
varicella zoster
EBV
cytomegalovirus
what causes reactivation of herpes?
triggered by many things like sunlt,trauma,stress, or immunosuppression
clinical characteristics of recurrent herpes labialis
clusters of small vesicles which rupture to form small ulcers that merge to form large ulcers

usually on lower lip. the ulcers will form crust on perioral skin
clinical characteristics of intraoral herpes I
intraoral lesions, these are less common than herpes labialis

occurs on keratinized mucosa that is attached gingiva

lesion recur at same site
recurrent herpes onset
v. rapid and is preceeded by prodromal stage w/burning and tingling at site

lesions last 7-14 days and heal spontaneously
treatment of recurrent herpes
acyclovir

valtrex

denavir

(must be done in early stage)
herpetic whitlow
herpes on finger due to autoinoculation from herpes on lip or genital area

2-20 days incubation

pain,erythema,vessicals, crusting

heals in 2-3 weeks

treat w/acyclovir
herpes simplex Belpharitis
HSV that involves the eye

small vesicles along lip

vessicles ulcerate,harden, and crust over
what triggers herpes simplex blepharitis?
fever
trauma
emotional stress
menstration
immunosurpressors
overexposure to UV radiation
treatment of herpes simplex blepharitis
warm saline compresses topical drying agent

antibiotic ointment to prevent secondary bacterial infection

antiviral agent
pt answers YES to Q: have you ever had a toothache?
ask....

what is nature of toothache?

was it treated?

type of treatment?

present status of tooth?
What should you further ask and be aware of if pt answers YES to Q: Have you ever had an injury to your face or jaws?
ask nature of injury and treatment

be aware of possibility of:
Devitalization of tooth
Malocclusion
TMJ pain
Facial deformity
Retained foreign obj
common differential diagnosesis
dental caries
fracture tooth
periodontal disease
trauma
recent dental treatment
ulcers
sinus infection
bruxism
Purpose of Q: Do you ever have sinus trouble?
max molar toothache w/o disease due to max sinus infection

look on xray to see if roots are adjacent to infected sinus
what must you determine if pt says YES to Q:Are you being treated by physician at present time?
determine type of Tx

establishes chronic/acute disease state

may need to consult pt dr
purpose of Q: What Rx or nonRx med are you taking?
medications indicated specific disease and severity

have pt write down meds and purpose
side effect of antianxiety and antihypertensive meds
xerostomia
what is side effect of people taking blood thinners like Coumadin,Asmpirin, NSAIDS, and Gingko?
increased bleeding
What is side effect of taking corticosteroids?
susceptible to inefection

intolerence to stress
Why does pt put no on hlth history about meds if they are taking birth control?
pts do not consider aspirin,birth control,vitamins, or herbs as meds but they can affect treatment or drugs dr prescribes
what must you find out if pt says yes to Q: Have you seen a physician wi the last five years?
find out ...

date of exam
reason of exam
condition discoverd/treatment
If a pt says no to question: Have you seen a physion wi last five years does that mean the pt is healthy?
no it just mean they have not seen a dr
ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
AML
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
Anes
anesthetic
approx
approximate
Appt
appointment
Aspirin
ASA
b.i.d
twice a day
bilat
bilateral
BP
blood pressure
bitewing xray
BWX
BX
biopsy
C.C.
Cheif Complaint
C/C
complete dentures
C/P
complete max denture and man partial denture
Ca
cancer
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
Cau.
Caucasion
complete bood count
CBC
congenital heart disease
CHD
CHF
congestive heart failure
CMV
cytomegalic virus
CNS
central nervous system
continue
cont.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD
CP
cerebral palsy
CVA
cerebral vascular attack
DC
discontinue
Dental hygiene
DH
DOB
date of birth
diagnosis
DX
each
ea.
epstein barr virus
EBV
EKG or ECG
electrocardiogram
Echo
echocardiogram
estimate date of confinement
EDC
EEG
eletroencephalogram
eg.
for example
Emerg.
emergency
Endo
endodontics
ENT
ears,nose,and throat
Emergency room
ER
Etoh
ethanol
eval.
evaluation
ext.
extraction
FMX or FMS
full mouth radiographic survey
each
ea.
epstein barr virus
EBV
EKG or ECG
electrocardiogram
Echo
echocardiogram
estimate date of confinement
EDC
EEG
eletroencephalogram
eg.
for example
Emerg.
emergency
Endo
endodontics
ENT
ears,nose,and throat
Emergency room
ER
Etoh
ethanol
eval.
evaluation
ext.
extraction
FMX or FMS
full mouth radiographic survey
FPD
fixed partial denture
Fx.
fracture
GI
gastrointestinal
gram
gm
gr
grains
HBV
hep B virus
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
hour
hr.
HS
at bedtie
HX
history
I&D
incision and drainage
IM
intramuscular
Irreg.
irregular
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
IV
intravenous
Mand.
mandibular
max.
maxillary
meds.
medication
MI
myocardial infarction
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
N/A
not applicable
NAD
no apparant distress
nec.
necessary
neg.
negative
NPO
nothing by mouth
operative
Op.
OS
oral surgery
ORL
otorhinolaryngology
p.r.n.
as needed
p/p
partial over partial
Mand.
mandibular
max.
maxillary
meds.
medication
MI
myocardial infarction
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
N/A
not applicable
NAD
no apparant distress
nec.
necessary
neg.
negative
NPO
nothing by mouth
operative
Op.
OS
oral surgery
ORL
otorhinolaryngology
p.r.n.
as needed
p/p
partial over partial
PA
periapical
Path.
pathology
PCN
penicillin
PMH
past medical history
PO
orally by mouth
post.
after
post-op
after surgery
pt.
patient
PX
prognosis
q.
every
q.i.d.
four times a day
R/O
rule out
Rctx or Rctr
root canal treatment
rec
recommend
ref.
referral
reg.
regular
RHD
rheumatic heart disease
ROM
range of motion
RPD
removal partial denture
RTC
return to clinic
RXN
reaction
SBE
subacute bacterial endocarditis
sig.
write on label
SLE
systemic lupus erthematos
SOB
shortness of breath
Sq.
squamous
Surg.
surgery
temp.
temperature
t.i.d.
three times a day
URI
upper respiratory infection
UTI
urinary tract infection
w/ or c
with
w/o or s
without
WDWN
well developed, well nurished
WNL
within normal limits
wt.
weight
y/o
year old
purpose of Q: have you been seriously ill, hospitalized or had surgery?
seriously ill indicates impairment of hlth

get details of hospital experience and rxn to anesthesia or other complications like:

excessvie hemorrhage
wound infection
delayed healing
drug allergies
diff convalescence
what do transfusions and gen. anesthesia usually indicate?
major surgery
what do repeated blood transfusions indicate?
blood dyscrasia

-hemophilia
-aplastic anemia
aplastic anemia
decrease in bone marrow elements like RBC,platelets, granulocytes,WBC
what causes aplastic anemia?
drugs like chloramphinicol, sulfinamides, and penacylin

virus (Hep C)

immunolgically impaired

genetic disease
mouth of pt with aplastic anemia
pale tongue, spontaneous gingival bleeding
If pt says Y to having blood transfusions or general anesthetic what shoud dr be alert to?
possibility of pt being Hep B, Hep C, or HIV carrier from many transfusions

must get details of general anesthesia experience and record it on hlth history
What is donated blood screed for?
blood type
Rh factor
Hep B surface antigen
Hep B core
Hep C antibodies
Alanine aminotransferase
HIV
syphilis
CMV
Sickle Cell
Cholesterol
West Nile Virus
What does screening for Hep B surface antigen do?
detects present infection or carrier state
What does screening for Hep B core detect?
past or present infection
Why do blood screen for alanine aminotransferase?
bc its a liver enzyme to detect undetectable hepatitis
who mainly has CMV
HIV pt
newborns
elderly
what should you look for it pt has history of malignancies?
recurrence
if pt has had radiation in head/neck what problems can result?
xerostomia
dysgeusia
mucositis/stomatitis
muscle trimus
radiation caries
osteoradionecrosis
xerostomia from radiaiton
lack of saliva.
dry mouth due to lack of funciton of saliva glands

normal gland function can be destroyed in radiation therapy
dysgeusia
abnormal or impaired taste
mucositis/stomatitis
culture infection to ID fungal,bacterial, or viral orgin

mouth pain-prescibe topical or systemica analgesics
muscle trismus
musculature contracture from radiation therapy
Radiation caries
usually class V smooth surface caries which may encirlce the cervial third of teeth
osteoradionecrosis
causes reduction of vitabity of bone through decrease in vasculature. bone necrosis is secondary to radiation and superimposed infection
in what arch is osteoradionecrosis potential greater?
in mandible bc less BF
What to ask if pt says Y to radiation TX
need to know amt of radiation and area of body radiated prior to dental treatment
TX of osteoradionecrosis
hyperbaric oxygen and antibiotics
if pt says Y to Q: Have you ever been treated for tumor, cancer, malignancy? what alerts should you have?
where was tumor?

was tumor benign/malignant?

how was tumor treated?

when was tumor treated?

what type of follo up care is needed following TX? how often is pt eval by dr post treatment?
how are most ccancers treated?
with surgery or chemo and not radiation
treatment of primary disease (cancer) may produce what significant changes?
thrombocytopenia
leukopenia
anemia

all caused by chemo
thrmbocytopenia
abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets are reduced. most common cause of bleeding disorder
leukopenia
prone to infection due to bone marrow suppression

decrease in WBC
anemia
decrease in hemogloin conc in RBC

amount of RBCs and vol of RBCs per 100mL of blood are less than normal
common sites of primary lesions that can metastasize to oral cavity: (in order)
breast
lung
kidney
thyroid
prostate
colon
pt who are exposted to AIDS
sexual contact
IV drug use
infected mom to infant
transfusion
hlth care needle sticks
signs and symptoms of AIDS
malaise for lone period

loss of appetite, lose weight

low grade fever for > 1 mo.

unexplained lymphadenopathy

pneumonia
oral manifestaions of AIDS
candidiasis

linear marginal erythema

necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

oral hairy leukoplakia

kaposi's sarcoma
Candidiiaisis
can get from AIDS or taking load of antibiotics

treat w/antifungal drug
what to do if pt says Y to having an artificial joint,pin, or other surgical device implanted?
determine what type of appliance was placed and when

pins,plates,screws do NOT need antibiotic premed

pts w/artificaial joints need antibiotic premeds for 2 yrs post surgery
pt says Y to being treated for alcohol or drug dependency
how long has sobriety lasted

how many times in TX?

is pt in AA or NA?
what to do for pt recovering from alcohol or drug abuse
increase amt of local anesthesia and have longer appt.

avoid nitroux, narcotic medications, and any meds w/ alcohol
do you premed pt w/pacemaker?
nope

just avoid electrical equipment such as:

ultrasonic scaler
pulp tester
electrocautery unit

electromagnetic fields interfere w/pacemaker
rheumatic fever
acute inflam condition that follows sore throat, caused by group A streptococcal infection

may have autoimmune like rxn between tissue and bacteria. RF develops 2/6 wks after initial pharyngitis
at what age do most get rheumatic fever?
5-15
acute phase rheumatic fever
lasts 6-12 weeks

takes 6 mos for disease to resolve
% recurrence rate w/rheumatic fever
50%
What accounts for 95% of heart disease in children?
Rheumatic fever
how to diagnose RF
throat culture and blood test
treatment of RF
antibiotics
NSAIDS
antipyretic med
bed rest
do we premed pts w/history of RF?
yes only if pt has cardiac damage with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) to prevent infective endocarditis. If just RF then no need
% of RF pts who develop RHD an organic heart murmur
30-80%
best day to dental treatment on pt w/kidney disease
day after dialysis
why not treat pt on same day as dialysis?
bc heparin use
Do pts who are undergoing dialysis need premed?
yeah they require antibiotic prophy before dental treatment
peritoneal dialysis
hypertonic or dialysate sln instilled into peritoneal cavity

drains through catheter 4-6 hrs into a bag

risk of peritonitis
problem w/hemodialysis and drugs
hemodialysis removes certain drugs from blood which shrotens effect of presecrioption meds

dosing amt and interals need to be adjusted
drugs taken by pts w/kidney transplant.

what should dr be careful of w/these pts?
immunosuppressive

avoid drugs that are toxic to kidney

consult w/dr prior to TX
2 types of hepatitis?
hep A,B,C (viral)

drug incduced through alchol or antibiotics
livers role in metabolic functions:
bile secretion
conversion of glucose->gycogn
excretion of billirubin
syntheisis of coagulation
metabolism of drugs
problem w/ impairment of liver function can lead to what?
abnormalities inmetabolism of aa,protein, carbs and lipids
what to ask if pt says Y to having liver disease
when was pt diagnosed and treated
#1 cause of liver disease
cirrhosis due to alcholism
why do pts w/liver disease have bleeding tendencies?
due to reduction of prothrombin production
drugs that people w/liver disease cannot detoxify
barbiturates (valium)
local anesthesia (xylocaine)
tylenol
aspirin
Ibprofin
ampicillin
tetracycline
xylocaine vs. carbocaine
xylocaine is lidocaine w/epiniphrine as vasoconstrictor

carbocaine is lidocaine wo epiniphrine so short lived bc no vasoconstrictor
does positive skin test to tuberculosis (PPD) mean pt has TB?
no just means pt has been exposed
treatment and prevention of TB
INH isoniazid
may be on drug 9mo-2yr

rifampin-antituberculosis agent used for 6-9 mos
what to ask if pt say Y to venereal disease
nature of disease

type of Tx

when was disease Tx

number of recurrences