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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are ETHICS?
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branch of philosophy that constitutes what is right and what is wrong
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three approaches are
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universal truth
unto others utilitarian benefit |
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explain the three approaches
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ut-what does God say?
uo-what would I want ub-what would provide the greatest good to the number? |
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what are the reasons that we care about ethics
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1. to protect governments and public
2. protect individual rights 3. to protect intellectual rights |
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what is defamation
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a false accusation against someone and their reputation
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what is slander
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oral falseness
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what is libel
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written falseness
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what are the three strategies to avoid defamation
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ideas not individuals
passion but not anger or revenage verify truthfulness and avoid abusive talk |
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ethics brings a speaker credibility what are the three types of credibility
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initial, derived, and lasting
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describe the 3 types of credibility
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ic-what the audience knows about you already
dc-what people gain as you speak lc-what carries over after you're done speaking |
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what are ten irritating listening habits
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1. interrupting the speaker
2. not looking at the speaker 3. rushing the speaker 4. showing interest in something else 5. finishing the speakers thoughts 6. not responding to the speaker 7. saying... yes, but 8. topping the speakers story 9. forgetting what was talked about 10. asking too many questions |
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what are four types of listening
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comprehensive, critical, empathic, appreciative
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explain the four types of listening
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comprehensive-focuses on the speakers content
critical-focuses on the speakers logic empathic-focuses on the speakers feelings appreciative-focuses on the speakers skills |
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what are 5 factors of listening
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1. attending to the speaker
2. interpreting the sounds you hear 3. remembering the content 4. evaluating the logic 5. responding to the speaker |
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how can you make yourself a better listener
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concentrating on the content
carefully noting cues with holding judgment managing personal reactions taking notes sharing responsibility of learning |
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what are some things you should do when going to give a speech
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be stylish but don't over do it
dress slightly more formal then audience keep clean and well groomed establish good eye contact until it hurts or is awkward speak to individuals |
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what does a great speech need
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a clear concise central idea
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what are three steps to having a great speech
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1. decide on topic
2. define your purpose 3. refine your central idea |
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why should you narrow your topic?
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it gives you a better chance for success, it requires less participation, helps the audience focus
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how can you narrow your topic
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ask specific questions
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what are some ways to decide on a topic
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brainstorm ideas
look for connections ask questions do personal inventory research ideas narrow your topic down |
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what are two purposes that you need to define
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general and specific
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what is general purpose
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informal
persuading motivating entertaining |
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what is specific purpose
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why am i giving this speech
what should this speech accomplish |
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what is the difference between purpose and central idea
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purpose is why am i giving this speech
central idea is what am i saying in this speech |
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what is a strong central idea
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focuses on the audiences needs
is a complete sentence is clear is just on idea |
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what are 4 ways to use your central idea
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1. understanding your audience
2. choosing material to use and omit 3. introducing and concluding 4. selecting words and visual aids |
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what is SOSC
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structure, order, support, and connect
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what is a planned structure for your speech
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a planned approach to efficently succeed
built around your purpose, central idea, and audience contains points (rationale) |
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what is 6 ways to have a logical order in your speech
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1. time order-first, second, third, and last
2. cause/effect-what you did and how it effected things 3. importance-beginning and ending prime point last point 4. problem/solution-the problem and how to solve it 5. space-giving space to way things come trying to describe geographically 6. topic-any order |
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what are 3 ways to have developed support for your speech
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1. subdivide complex points
2. add supporting material (positive, negative, cited source) 3. balance your support from point to point |
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what are four ways to connect the points of your speech
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1. transitions introduced thoughts
2. signposts keep order 3. previews prepare for the next point 4. summaries are quick reminders |
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what are primary and recency
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me/we god you/we
start with something they know and go with something they don't know |
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what is the basic problem solution model
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1. convince people a problem exists
2. convince them your solution is best |
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what is the expanded problem solution model
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1. gain the audiences attention
2. highlight the need 3. propose a satisfying solution 4. help the audience visualize 5. prompt the audience to action |
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aide model- what does it work well with
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a new topic or item
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what are 4 things to the aide model
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1. create awareness
2. build interest in the topic 3. foster desire to do something 4. promote action for the audience |
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what are 5 things to consider when comparing alternatives
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1. introduce the issues
2. describe alternative one 3. describe alternative two 4. describe alternative x 5. explain the benefits of choosing one alternative over the other |
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what are nine things in disproving and argument
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1. describe the issue
2. describe the position you are disproving 3. explain logical inconsistencies 4. explain emotional excesses 5. explain credibility shortcomings 6. explain unnecessary risks 7. challenge to change action/idea 8. explain ethical problems 9. explain disputed evidence |
