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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fxnal anatomy of the palate
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Separates the oral cavity from nasal cavity and nasopharynx
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Hard Palate
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Formed by maxilla and palatine bones
bounded anterior and lateral by alveolar processes and gingivae -Continuous with soft palate |
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Incisive foramen
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-located anteriorly in the hard palate directly behind maxillary central incisor
-naspalatine nerve (V2) sphenopalatine artery-supply sensory innervation and blood to most anterior part of hard palate |
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Oral cavity
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Vestibule
Mouth proper related to the oropharynx |
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Vestibule
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Slit-like opening between lips/cheek and gums/teeth
communicates with the exterior via orifice of the mouth |
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Contents of Oral Cavity
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teeth, gingiva (gums), palate, and tongue
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Greater palatine foramen
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Greater palatine nerve (V2) and artery
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Greater palatine nerve and artery
supplies what |
Sensory innervation and blood to remaining posterior part of hard palate
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Palatine glands
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mucous secreting glands deep to mucosa covering hard palate that drains deep into oral cavity,,
the ducts give the palate and orange peel appearance |
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Soft palate
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Separates nasopharynx from oropharynx
-Connects to the tongue by palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches relate to uvula and wall of pharynx prevent food regurgitation into nasal cavity - moves against pharynx during swallowing |
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Lesser palatine nerves (V2) and arteries
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go through lesser palatine foramen
supply sensory and blood to soft palate |
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5 muscles that move the soft palate
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Expanded tendon of tensor veli palatini (palatine aponeurosis) serves as attachment for all soft palate muscles
Tensor Veli Palatani Levator Veli Palatani Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeous Musculus Uvulae |
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Tensor Veli Palatini
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Tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube, V3 innervation
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Levator Veli Pelatani
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Elevate soft palate, X innervation
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Palatoglossus
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Elevate posterior tongue, X innervation
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Palatopharyngeus
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Tenses soft palate and elevates pharynx, X innervation
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Musculus Uvulae
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Shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly, X innervation
Closes nasopharynx during swallowing |
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Functional anotomy of the tongue
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The dorsum of tongue divided by a V-shaped sulcus terminalis into anterior oral and posterior pharyngeal parts
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Lingual frenulum
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attache oral tongue to floor of mouth
related to deep lingual veins, drains into lingual vein, which drains to facial or internal jugular vein |
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What innervates sensory to the posterior 1/3 of pharyngeal tongue?
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glossopharyngeal (CN IX) also innervates the pharyngeal walls; gag reflex
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What innervates 2/3 tongue (aka oral tongue)
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Lingual nerve (V3)
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4 extrinsic muslces of tongue
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moves tongue and alters its shape
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus |
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Genioglossus
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Protrudes tongue, CN XII
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Hyoglossus
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Depresses tongue, CN XII
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Styloglossus
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Retrudes tongue, CN XII
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Propecia (Finasteride)
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a testosterone analogue that inhibits 5-α reductase for androgenic alopecia
- Decreases DHT concenration |
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When genioglossus paralyzed on one side, the protruded tongue points to which side?
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the paralyzed side.
If both size parylized, tongue falls back and obstructs airway |
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Course of hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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passes between mylohyoid and hyoglossus
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Lingual nerve course
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Passes beneath submandibular duct before curving superiorly to the tongue mucosa.
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Lingual artery course
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Passes deep to the hyoglossus muscle
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Overview of the pharynx
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fibromuscular tube connecting the oral cavity with rest of digestive system
transports air to larnyx, food to esophagus textends from base of skull to approx C6 levels widest at hyoid bone, narrowest at esophagus |
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Nasopharynx
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Posterior to nasal cavity. Superior to soft palate.
V2 innervation |
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Oropharynx
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Posterior to tongue
Superior to epiglottus CN IX innervation |
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Laryngopharynx
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Posterior to larynx
Superior to esophagus CN X innervation |
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Tissue layers of the pharynx
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mucosa: same covering as oral and nasal cavities and larynx
pharyngobasilar fascia: fibrous layer attached to skull muscular layer: inner longitudinal and outer circular parts buccopharyngeal fascia: loose connective layer permits movement of pharynx and contains pharyngeal plexus of IX and X |
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Retropharyngeal space
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Posterior wall of pharynx lies on prevertebral fascia which is separated from the buccopharyngeal fascia by a potential space of loose connective tissue
Infections that spread to this layer may produce swellings that interfere with speaking and swallowing. This space also can communicate infections into the superior mediastinum (in thorax) |
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3 external constrictors
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Superior, middle, inferior
overlap one another superior is innermost and inferior is outermost. inserts posteriorly as tendinous seam (raphe) that parallels the pharynx long axis. Motor innervation by X (pharyngeal plexus) |
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Superior constrictor
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originates at levels of cheek and mandible
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Middle constrictor
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originates from hyoid bone
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Inferior constrictor
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Originates from thyroid and cricoid cartilages
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Internal muscles
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elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
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Stylopharyngeous
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CN IX (only when muscles innervated by IX)
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Palatopharyngeous
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Forms palatopharyngeal arch
Constricts arch when swallowing Innervated by X |
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Salpingopharyngeous
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Attached to auditory tube and forms salpingopharyngeal fold.
Opens pharyngeal oriface of auditory during swallowing. Innervated by CN X |
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5 Components of nasopharynx
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Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube Torus Tubaris Tubal tonsils Pharyngeal recess |
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Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
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located in the roof and posterior wall. When enlarged these tonsils partially obstruct the flow of air through the nasopharynx producing mouth breathing
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Pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube
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located above the soft palate in the lateral wall. relates to the salpingopharyngeous m. and fold
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Torus tubaris
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produced by a hoodlike cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube which overhangs the orifice
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Tubal Tonsils
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located in the submucosa posterior to auditory orifice. Spread of infection from adenoids to the tubal tonsils (tubal tonsillitis) can close auditory tube and enter middle ear cavity (otitis media) to cause hearing loss
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Pharyngeal recess
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lateral slit-like recess posterior to salpingopharyngeal fold
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Components of oropharynx
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Palatine tonsils
Tonsillar bed |
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Palatine tonsils
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Located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds and extend superiorly into soft palate
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Tonsillar bed
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houses the palatine tonsils
beneath = palatopharyngeous and superior constrictor muscles external palatine vein (major bleeder during tonsillectomy) CN IX also found here (loss of sensory to posterior tongue and oropharynx if injured during tonsillectomy) |
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Components of larygopharynx
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Middle and inferior constrictor
Stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus m. located internally |
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aditus (inlet of the larynx)
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how the laryngopharynx communicates with larynx
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Periform recess
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located on each side of the aditus
pear-shaped depression in which food or objects often becomes lodged in children |
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aryepiglotic fold
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between aditus and priform recess
forms lateral rim of epiglottis pirifform recess bounded by thyroid cartilage |
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dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing
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eructation
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clinical term for belching
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