Oral Biology- 2Nd Card Set

Front 1

Define Periodontium?

Back 1

Tissues that surround the tooth and contribute to its function in the oral cavity

Front 2

Define Periodontology?

Back 2

Study of the diagnosis, treatment, maintenance, and prevention of diseases of the periodontium.

Front 3

_____ are a set of realted bacterial, plaque induced, host-mediated, enviornmental-modified, inflammatory diseases, manifesting generally chronic gingival inflammation and varying degress of periodontal attachment loss.

Back 3

Periodontal Disease

Front 4

What are the four components of the periodontium?

Back 4

Alveolar Bone (Hard CT)
Cementum (Hard CT)
PDL (Soft CT)
Gingiva (Epithelial and CT)

Front 5

Gingiva is composed of both epithelium and CT:

Can you name the 3 types of the epithelium and 2 types of the CT that are apart of the periodontium

Back 5

Epithelium:
-Sulcus
-Oral
-Juctional

CT:
-Superfical
-Deep

Front 6

Out of the 4 tissues of the Periodontium which are supporting and which are investing?

Back 6

Supporting
-Cementum
-PDL
-Alveolar Bone

Investing
-Gingiva

Front 7

Name the 4 types of Bone Cells:

Back 7

Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Osteocyte
Pleuripotent Stem Cell

Front 8

Osteoblast ____ bone, Osteoclast ____ bone, Osteocyte is a _____ cell, Pluripotent Stem cell is what?

Back 8

Build-up Bone
Break-down Bone
Mature Bone Cell
Cell in bone that can differentiate into any type of bone cell

Front 9

What are the 3 cell types of cementum?

Back 9

Cementoblast
Cementocytes
Cementoclast (Odontoclast)

Front 10

What is the main biological component of an osteoblast and cemenatoblast?

Back 10

Alkaline Phosphatase and Collagen

Front 11

What is the main biological component of osteoclast and cementoclast?

Back 11

Acid Phosphatase and H

Front 12

What is the main biological component of osteocytes?

Back 12

No Alkaline Phosphatase

Front 13

What are the 3 main cells of the PDL

Back 13

Fibroblast
Progenitor Cells (Undifferentiated/ Differentiated Mesenchymal cells)
Residual Epithelial Cells

Front 14

The PDL is fibrous has ____ and ___biological components

Back 14

Collagen and Fibronectin

Front 15

What are the two structural components of the gingiva

Back 15

Corium

Epithelium

Front 16

The Corium is fibrous and is made up of ____ cells. Its biological components are ____ and ____.

Back 16

Fibroblast
-Collagen and Fibronectin

Front 17

What are the two main histologic features of the periodontium

Back 17

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Membrane-Coatin and Keratohyaline Granules

Front 18

What is the main cell type of epithelium?

Back 18

Keratinocyte

Front 19

Name the 3 biological components of epithelium

Back 19

BM, cell-to-cell Adhesion, Keratinized outer layer

Front 20

Define alveolar bone?

Back 20

Part of jawbone surrounding and forming the tooth sockets (called alveoli)

Part of jaw bones to which teeth are attached

Front 21

What is Alveolar Bone?

Back 21

Type of Bone that has tooth sockets called alveoli where teeth are attached

Front 22

T or F: Alveolar Bone is not similar to bone.

Back 22

False

Front 23

Bone Resorbtion means,...

Back 23

Bone Destruction

Front 24

If the alveolar bone is destroyed or in the process of being destroyed then what will happen to the teeth.

Back 24

Become Mobile and Lose Function

Front 25

Alveolar Bone Composition:
-Inorganic Mineral?
-Organic Matrix?

Back 25

Inorganic- 67%

Organic- 33%

Front 26

What is the molecular formula for Hydroxyapeptite?

Back 26

Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2

Front 27

Alveolar Bone

Inorganic Mineral, think _____.

Organic Matrix, think _____ and ____.

Back 27

Inorganic= Crystals

Organic= Cells and Proteins

Front 28

Alveolar Bone Organic Matrix is 85% (or 28% of total) ____ and 15% (or 5% of total)_____.

Back 28

85% Type I Collagen Fibers

15% Ground Substance

Front 29

As a "rule of thumb," type ___ collagen is for most dental tissues and type ____ collagen is for most cartilage tissues

Back 29

Type I-Dental Tissues

Type II-Cartilage Tissues

Front 30

This organic protein is added when doing a bone graft

Back 30

BMP (bone morphogentic protein)

Front 31

Bone has two types of control mechanisms
-Systemic and Local

Can you explain how bones are controlled systemically and locally?

Back 31

Systemic Control- Hormones

Local- Growth Factors/Cytokines, Prostaglandins, Mechanical Forces

Front 32

What is Piezoelectric-type mean?

Back 32

Type of Mechanical Force that acts as an indirect signal to the bone
-Done in Ortho

Front 33

Bones are classified in two ways
-Gross Appearance
-Developmental Pattern

What are the 2 ways to classify bones on Gross Appearence?

Back 33

Long= Axial Skeleton

Flat= Facial (skull)+ Sternum, Scapula and Pelvis

Front 34

What are the 3 ways to classify bones on developmental patterns?

Back 34

Endochondrial Bone Formation= Long Bones

Intramembranous Bone Formaion= Flat Bones

Sutural Bone Growth= Flat Bones

Front 35

Endochondral Bone Formation=

Intermembraneous Bone Formation=

Back 35

Cartilage Template

Embryonic Membrane CT Template

Front 36

Bone is formed in layers called _____.

Back 36

Lamellae

Front 37

The peripheral surface sheets of lamellar bone are called _____.

Internal Supporting Struts of Lamellar Bone are called ___

Back 37

Cortical Plates-AKA Compact Bone

Trabeculae- AKA Cancellous Bone/Spongy Bone

Front 38

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Back 38

Degree of Mineralized Tissue and Soft Tissue

Front 39

Marrow Spaces are ___ if they are primarily vascular or ___ if they are primarily fatty/

Back 39

Red= Vascular

Yellow=Fatty

Front 40

Name the 3 Types of Lamellar Bone

Back 40

Circumferential

Concentric

Interstitial

Front 41

What part of lamellar bone forms the outer perimeter that encloses the bone
-thin and avascular

Back 41

Circumferential Lamellae

Front 42

What part of lamellar bone forms the bulk of the bone
-has osteons
-thick and vascular

Back 42

Concentric Lamellae

Front 43

This part of lamellar bone is to form spaces between adjacen concentric lamellae
-residual fragments of concentric lamellae that have been remodeled

Back 43

Interstitial Lamellae

Front 44

This 2-layer CT surrounds the external surface of compact bone.

Back 44

Periosteum

Front 45

The Periosteum has 2 layers
-Outer and Inner

What can be found in both of those layers

Back 45

Outer
-Sharpy's Fibers (collagen fibers in mineralized tissue)

Inner
-Bone Cell Precursors, Bone Cells, and Rich Microvasculature

Front 46

1-layer CT that covers the inner surface of Compact Bone and ALL of Spongy Bone

Back 46

Endosteum

Front 47

What can be found in the Endosteum?

Back 47

Cellular Layer ONLY:
-Bone Cell Pre-cursors
-Bone Cells
-Rich Microvasculature

Front 48

Structural Unit of Compact Bone

Back 48

Osteon

Front 49

General Principles of Bone

-Bone is a vascularized or non-vascularized tissue?

-Mineralization/Homeostasis of Bone REQUIRES what 3 things

-Thus the ___ is the central feature of the osteon.

Back 49

-Bone is Vascular
-Requries blood supply, bone forming cells and minerals

-Central feature of osteon is the CAPILLARY

Front 50

The structure of bone allow for what?

Back 50

Molecular Diffusion

Front 51

The single central vascular canal of the osteon is parallel to the long-axis of the tooth.

-Name the Canal
-What lines the Canal?
-What is in the Canal?

Back 51

Haversian Canal
-Lined by Endosteum
-Capillary

*NOTE: Canal is a Non-Mineralized area of Bone

Front 52

The multi-lateral vascular channels that are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the bone:

Are called ____.
Lined by _____.
Each surrounds _____.
Interconnect _____ resulting in a rich vascular network.

Back 52

Volkman's Canals
-Lined by endosteum
-1 capillary
-Interconnect Haversian Canals>>Rich Vascular Network

Front 53

Site where the osteocyte resides?

Back 53

Lacunae

Front 54

Multiple concentric bone cell canals that surround the cell processes of the osteoctye

-Name them?

Back 54

Canaliculi

Front 55

Where does the bone gets its arterial supply

Back 55

Superior and Inferior Alveolar Arteries

*cells and extracellular components of bone are continuously turn-over

Front 56

What supplies the PDL

Back 56

Lateral Arterial Braches of the Superior and Inferior Alveolar Arteries that pass through the cribiform plate

Front 57

Venous Draniage of compact bone is achieved by ____?

Lymphatic Drainage is achieve by_____.

Nerve Supply of Compact bone is from the ____.

Back 57

Post-capilary Venules

Following Venous Drainage

Respective Branches of the 5th Cranial Nerve

Front 58

Osteoblast=

Osteocyte=

Osteoclast=

Back 58

Blast=Form Bone

Cyte=Maintain Bone (osteon)

Clast=Remove/Break-Down Bone

Front 59

Osteoclast remove bone with the aid of ____ and ____ via cytokine messengers

Back 59

Macrophages; Osteoblast

Front 60

Osteocytes maintain bone with the help of ____ such as the "lining cells" of the endosteum.

Back 60

Inactive Osteoblast

Front 61

What 2 bone cells are involved in bone formation and maintanance?

Back 61

-Osteoblast (active cells)
-Osteocyte//Lining Cells (resting cells)

Front 62

Which bone cell removes bone?
Which bone cell is responsible for bone mineralization

Back 62

Osteoclast; Osteoblast

Front 63

Go through the life cycle of the osteoblast

Back 63

Pluripotent Mesenchymal Cell
Preosteoblast Precursor Cell
Osteoblast
Osteocyte

Front 64

What is the morphology of the osteoblast?

Function?

How does the osteoblast communicate?

Back 64

Uninucleated (one nucleus)

Function: Make Osteoid

Communicates via Gap Juctions

Front 65

What is "Course-fibered-Woven Bone?"

Back 65

Embryonic Bone and Adult Repair Bone

*Not full lamellar construct

Front 66

What is "Fine-fibered Lamellar Bone"

Back 66

Mature Bone

Front 67

What is Osteoid

Back 67

Non mineralized organic matrix w/ collagen and non collagen proteins

Front 68

What is the inactive function of osteoblast?

Back 68

Maintain Homeostasis and Bone Vitality

-Can be a lining cell or a Osteocyte

Front 69

What is the difference between an osteocyte and lining cell?

Back 69

Lining cells are flat and found in endosteum
(inactive surface osteoblast)

Osteocyte are smaller and found in osteons
(inactive lamellar bone osteoblast)

Front 70

An osteocyte is the resultant cell from being entrapped w/in the ___.

Back 70

Lacunae

Front 71

What is the osteocytes function

Back 71

control of mineral homeostasis and bone cell vitality

Front 72

Osteoclast come from ________ stem cells

Type of Nucleated?

Has a "__________" to increase its surface area

Back 72

Hematopoietic Stem Cells
-Multi-nucleated


Ruffled Border (Brush Border)
-secrete H which breaks down bone

Front 73

Adjacent cytoplasm to the ruffled border is called what?

Back 73

Clear Zone
-no organelles
-contractile proteins

Front 74

What is the lifecycle of the osteoclast

Back 74

Pluripotent Hemopoietic Stem Cell

Osteoclast Precursor Cell

Preosteoclast

Osteoclast

Front 75

What is the difference between the life cycles of osteoblast and osteoclast

Back 75

Osteoblast- from PP Mesenchymal Cells

Osteoclast-from PP Hematopoietic Cells

Osteoblast
PP>>PreOB>>Osteoblast

Osteoclast
PP>>Precursor>>PreOC>>Osteoclast

Front 76

What is the importance of the ruffled border being sealed

Back 76

resorptive microenvironment

Front 77

What is destroyed first in osteoclast activity

-Minerals or Organic Matrix

Back 77

Demineralization occurs first to expose organic matrix and then organic matrix is destructed

Front 78

What happens between demineralization and degradation of organic matrix

Back 78

TRAP is syntehesized and released
(Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase)

Front 79

What are Howship's Lacunae

Back 79

Result of bone resorption
-hollowed out depression/troughs
-holes left in bone

Front 80

____ and _____ occurs at the same time during bone resorption

Back 80

Resorption and Migration

Front 81

What do Osteoblast secrete?
(3 things)

Back 81

Alkaline Phosphatase

Structural Proteins
-Collagen// Non-collagen proteins

Growth Factors/Cytokine

Front 82

Where can alkaline phosphatase be found on an osteoblast

Back 82

Outer surface of the plasma membrane

Front 83

What does alkaline phosphate do?

Back 83

Cleaves organically bound phosphate
*Necessary for the initiation and progression of bone mineral crystal growth

Front 84

What type of structural collagen proteins do osteoblast secrete

Back 84

Collagen I, III, V

Front 85

Bone Proteoglycan/GAGS
Phosphoproteins
Glycolipids
Glycoproteins (Osteocalcin, Osteopontin, Osteonectin and Bone Sialoproteins)

Are all ___ structural proteins secreted by the osteoblast

Back 85

Non-Collagen

Front 86

BMP is apart of the ___ and ___ that Osteoblast secrete.

The following are also apart of this group

-IGF
-PDGF
-FGF
-MCSF
-IL6
-RANKL

Back 86

Growth Factors// Cytokines

Front 87

T or F:
Bone formation and Resorption are coupled

Back 87

True

Front 88

What are Osteocytes and Lining cells reactive to?

Back 88

E11 and moAB

Front 89

Is there any alkaline phosphatase activity is osteoctyes or lining cells

Back 89

NO!

There is also MINIMAL synthesis and secretion necessary to maintain bone

Front 90

Osteoclast secrete ____, AKA ____.

Back 90

Acid Phosphatase
-AKA: TRAP (Tarate-Resistant Acid phosphatase)

Front 91

Where is Acid phosphatase located

Back 91

Intracellularly w/ in cytoplasmic granules/ vesicles and vacuoles