Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Tylenol-3
|
Opioid + acetaminophen
Pain: K Abrasion/Ulcer |
|
famciclovir
|
Herpes Zoster
Prodrug of acyclovir |
|
prednisone
|
Oral Steroids
• Contact dermatitis • Temporal arteritis • Bell’s palsy • Stubborn uveitis Precautions: PUD, diabetes SE: IOP, cataract, PTC |
|
hydroxychloroquine
|
Whorl-like epithelial opacities of cornea
(anti-malaria or for Lupus) (DMARD) -can cause retinopathy, keratopathy |
|
chlorpromazine
|
Pigmentation of endothelium and Descemet’s membrane
(antipsychotic & antiemetic): |
|
Methicillin
Nafcillin |
A penicliin (B-lactam)
-work on cell wall synthesis -inhibit transpeptidation (peptydoglycan) -Bacteriocidal -staph lactamase resistant |
|
Cloxacillin
|
A penicliin (B-lactam)
-work on cell wall synthesis -inhibit transpeptidation (peptydoglycan) -Bacteriocidal -mild/moderate staph infection |
|
Amoxicillan
|
A penicliin (B-lactam)
-work on cell wall synthesis -inhibit transpeptidation (peptydoglycan) -Bacteriocidal -Extended-Spectrum penicillin (gram neg too) |
|
Cephalexin
|
Cephalosporin
-1st Gen: gPos effective -preceptal cellulitis, strep, pnemonia, staph |
|
Vancomycin
|
Glycopeptide Antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis.
-gram positive bacteria |
|
Daptomycin
|
Similar to vancomycin except faster
-bacteriocidal -works on cell wall |
|
Bacitracin
|
-topical antibiotic
-highly nephrotoxic -used for blepharitis |
|
Tetracycline
Doxycycline Tigecycline |
Work on ribosome 30s
(Protein synthesis) -Bacteriostatic Doxycycline: Clamydial conj-itis & meiobianitis -avoid in pregnant and kids b/c bone & teeth issues |
|
Azithromycin
|
-Works on 50s ribosome
-bacteriostatic Azithromycin (Z-pac) (maybe others) for clamydial conj-itis. New azithromycin eye drop (Azocyte) good for peds |
|
Chloramphenacol
|
-work on 50s ribosome
bacteriostatic, broad spectrum -against aerobic/anerobic gNeg/gPos DOC for Typhus & Rocky mt. spotted fever NOT USED b/c APLASTIC ANEMIA GRAY BABY SYNDROME b/c babies lack enzyme |
|
Rifampin
|
works on DNA polymerase (DNA replication inhibit)
-orange color of tears -used for TB and leprosy |
|
Isoniazid
|
-works on cell wall, prodrug
-used in combo c Pyradoxine (vB12), b/c vB12 deficiency - TB drug |
|
Ethambutol
|
-TB drug
retrobulbar neuritis (SE) |
|
Amphotericin B
|
-antifungal
Older, strong and broadest spectrum, but TOXIC -selectivity: targeds ERGOSTEROL (instead of cholesterol) in fungus cell wall. -treat Mycotic corneal ulcers and keratitis (drops) SE: renal impairment |
|
Flucytosine (5-FC)
|
-antifungal
only antifungal that doesn't target cell wall -works on DNA/RNA synthesis -prodrug that fungi convert to active form -Synergy with amphoteracin B |
|
Ketoconazole
|
work on Ergosterol synthesis via CytP450
-Selectivity: fungal cytP450 -can inhibit mamalian P450, shampoo |
|
Griseofulvin
|
-antifungal
-doesn't work on cell membrane -deposits in newly formed skin/tissue -slow onset of action b/c must wait for new tissue |
|
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir |
-herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus
-zoster needs higher dose than simplex |
|
Gangcyclovir
|
-cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis treatment
|
|
Terbinafine
|
-antifungal drug for mucocutaneous infection
-interferes with ergosterol syn. -skin and nail infections |
|
Caspofungin
|
-echinocandins
-works on fungal cell wall resulting in cell death -used for yeast infections |
|
Lortab
|
-pain associated with corneal abrasion/ulcer
-opiod + analgesic |
|
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
|
-used for acute angle closure & papilledema
-glaucoma and pseudotumor cerebri -contraindications- hypokalemia, kidney impairment, sickle cell anemia |
|
levaquin (levofloxacin)
|
-fluoroquinolones
-treat bacterial infections of the skin, sinuses, kidneys, bladder, or prostate |
|
Augmentin
|
-Broad spectrum PCN + beta lactamase inhibitor
|
|
Levothyroxine
|
-used for Thyroid Hormone (T3,T4) Replacement therapy.
-management of HYPOthyroidism |
|
Radioactive Iodine
131I |
-thyrotoxicosis
-incorporated into storage follicles -reduces swelling, necrosis, edema from thyroid by destroying gland -treatment of Grave's disease (HYPERthyroidism) |
|
Propanolol
|
-Beta blocker
-doesn't alter thyroid hormone levels |
|
Calcitonin
|
-opposes parathyroid hormone
- increases absorption of Ca in bone (Ca storing) - secreted by parafollicular cells -Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, & Paget's |
|
Glucagon
|
-alpha cells
-emergency treatment of hypoglycemia for Type 1 diabetic pts |
|
Nateglinide
|
-Glitinides
-causes secretion of insulin -reduces circulating glucose -diabetes |
|
Acarbose
|
-alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
-reduce conversion of starch and sugars to monosaccharides -reduce hyperglycemia -diabetes |
|
Pramlintide
|
-diabetes
-analog of amylin -reduces post-meal glucose -lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying |
|
methimazole
|
-antithyroid agent
-thyrotoxicosis -inhibit peripherial deiodination of T4 and T3 -Graves' Disease - hyperthyroidism |
|
Mifepristone
|
-glucocorticoid antagonist at steroid receptor
-inoperable pts with ectopic ACTH secretion or adremal carcinoma -contraceptive-contragestive agent |
|
Metyrapone
|
-glucocorticoid antagonist
-only adrenal-inhibiting med that can be administered to pregnant women with Cushing's syndrome |
|
Raloxifene (Evista)
|
-selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
-prevention of postmenopausal osterperosis and prophlaxis of breast cancer |
|
Tamoxifen
|
-competitive partial agonist inhibitor of estradiol
-selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) |
|
Bromocriptine
|
-dopamine agonist that inhibits prolactin release in the pituitary
|
|
Aminoglutethimide
|
-blocks conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone
-used to reduce steroid secretion in pts c Cushing's due to adrenocortical cancer |
|
Fludrocortisone
|
a synthetic corticosteroid, most commonly prescribed salt-retaining hormone in the treatment of adrenocortical insufficiency associated with mineralocorticoid deficiency
|
|
Dexamethasone
|
-dethamethasone suppression test used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome
-glucocorticoid -anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressant |
|
Rose bengal
|
diagnosis of dry eye
-stains cornea and conj |
|
Lissamine green
|
diagnosis of dry eye
-stains cornea and conj |
|
loteprednol (Lotemax)
|
only ester based steroid used to suppress inflammation
|
|
cyclosporine (Restasis)
|
-used for long term management of dry eyes
-selective immunosuppressant -can be used for uveitis, asthma, Grave's disease |
|
Diazepam (Valium)
|
-increase action of GABA
-potential for abuse -discontinue by tapering -longest acting benzo - not used for insomnia because active metabolites can accumulate -Antiepileptic-status epilepticus |
|
Zolpidem (Ambien)
|
-nonbenzodiazepine
-sleep promoting med -extended release |
|
kava kava
|
-herbal supplements for anxiety
-associated c fetal hepatotoxicity |
|
valerian
|
-herbal supplement for anxiety
-sleeping product- INSOMNIA |
|
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
|
- long acting barbituate
-anticonvulsants - inhibit reticular activating system -use - insomnia & epilepsy |
|
Thiopental (Pentothal)
|
- short acting barbituate
-anticonvulsants - inhibit reticular activating system -use - insomnia & epilepsy -truth serum |
|
Lorazepam (Ativan)
|
-intermediate acting benzo
-promotes sleep, decrease anxiety -insomnia tx -Antiepileptic - status epilepticus |
|
Triazolam
|
-short acting benzon
-promotes sleep, decrease anxiety -insomnia tx |
|
ramelton (Rozerem)
|
-high affinity to melatonin receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalmus
-most benefit for pts c sleep onset insomnia |
|
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
|
-Tricyclic antidepressant that sedates b/c of central anticholinergic or antihistaminergic activity
- increase NE & 5HT by blocking reuptake |
|
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
|
-Antiepileptic
- -GluR - Partial seizures - generalized tonic-clonic (grand-mal) |
|
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
|
-Antiepileptic
- decrease Ca2+ -Absence (petit mal) |
|
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
|
-Antiepileptic
- -GluR - Partial seizures |
|
Valproate (Depakote)
|
-Antiepileptic
- increase GABA - generalized tonic-clonic (grand-mal) or Absence |
|
Topiramate (Topramax)
|
-Antiepileptic
- -GluR - increase IOP - Bilateral acute angle closure - Partial Seizures |
|
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
|
-Antiepileptic
-used for partial, tonic-clonic or status epilepticus - inactivates Na channel |
|
Entacapone
|
-COMTi (catechol-O-methyl trasferase inhibitor
- levodopa extender -Parkinson's |
|
Trihexyphenidyl
|
-centrally acting anticholinergic
-improve PD symptoms |
|
Amantidine (Symmetrel)
|
-antiviral and antiparkinsonian activity
-increase dopamine release, inhibit reuptake -also used for influenza |
|
Ropinirole (Requip)
|
-Dopamine agonist
-directly stimulate DARs -txx Restless leg Syndrome Parkinson's disease |
|
Donepezil (Aricept)
|
- Cholinesterase Inhibitor
-Alzheimers Disease |
|
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
|
- Cholinesterase Inhibitor
-Alzheimers Disease -more SE than Donepezil |
|
Galantamine (Razadyne ER)
|
- Cholinesterase Inhibitor
-Alzheimers Disease -more SE than Donepezil -benefits sustained for 36 months |
|
Memantine (Namenda)
|
-NMDA receptor antagonist
-neuroprotective -reduce deterioration in AD |
|
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
|
-SSRI
-Antidepressant DOC |
|
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
|
-nonbenzodiazapine
-longest lasting -hangover effects - rebound insomnia or persistent sleepiness |
|
St. John's Wort
|
-popular herb for depression
|
|
Alendronate (Fosamax)
|
-biphosphonates
-osteoporosis -selective inhibitor of bone demineralization and resorption |
|
Diclofenac
|
-topical analgesics
|
|
Hydrocodone
|
-oral analgesic (potent opioid)
|
|
Prednisolone
|
-glucocorticoid
-suppress inflammation -increase IOP, cause PSC |
|
sulfasalazine
minocycline methotrexate |
-nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
|
|
Succinylcholine
|
-neuromuscular blocking agent
-depolarizing agent -activates nicotinic receptors - may cause malignant hyperthermia |
|
Tubocurarine
|
-neuromuscular blocking agent
|
|
Dantrolene
|
-Antispasmodic drug
-directly acting skeletal muscle relaxant -antidote to halothane |
|
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
|
TCA
-Antispasmodic drug |
|
ethanol
|
CNS depressant
-social drug -sleep aid |
|
Dicloxacillin
|
-used to treat preseptal cellulitis
-beta-lactamase resistant penicillin |
|
Niacin
|
(nicotinic acid)
-lid edema |
|
Amiloride
|
- K-sparing diuretic
- HTN & edema |
|
Amiodarone
|
- K+ channel Blocker
-dysrhythmia |
|
Atropine
|
-Cycloplegic/mydriatic
-antiChE poisoning -Muscarinic antagonist |
|
Betaxolol
|
Glaucome (decrease aqueous production)
HTN beta 1 selective |
|
Brimonidine (Alphagan P)
|
Glaucoma (increase outflow and decrease production)
alpha2 selective agonist |
|
Brinzolamide (Azopt)
|
Glaucoma (dec. production)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) |
|
Cromolyn
|
Asthma/antiinflammatory
Chromone/mast cell stabilizer -decrease histamine release |
|
Difluprednate (Durezol)
|
Occular antiinflammatory
Corticosteriod Emulsion -inhibit PLA2 -decrease arachadonic acid synthesis |
|
Echothiophate
|
indirect miotic
glaucoma (increase outflow) ChE inhibitor, irreversible |
|
Fluoromethalone (FML)
|
occular antiinflammatory
corticosteroid -inhibit PLA2 -decrease arachadonic acid synthesis |
|
Indocyanine green
|
choroidal angiography
RPE |
|
lidocaine (xylocaine)
|
local anesthetic
Na channel blocker |
|
Mannitol
|
acute angle closure
diabetes hyper-osmotic agent |
|
Nedocromil
|
asthma, antiinflammatory
chromone/mast cell stabilizer -decrease histamine release |
|
Nepafenac
|
NSAID - inhibit COX's
ocular antiinflammatory/anti pain |
|
Olapatadine (Patanol)
|
allergies, antihistamine,
H1-R Blocker |
|
Physostigmine
|
Glaucoma (increase outflow)
Atropine overdose ChE inhibitor, reversible indirect miotic |
|
Pilocarpine
|
Direct Miotic
Glaucoma (increase outflow) used for diagnosis of Adies muscarinic agonist |
|
Proparacaine
|
Ester based local anesthetic
Na channel blocker |
|
Sodium Cl
|
Corneal edema, acute angle closure
hyperosmotic topical osmotic diuretic |
|
fluorescein
|
corneal abrasions, retinal vascular abnormalities
-dye |
|
Timolol
|
Glaucoma (decrease production)
HTN beta blocker, nonselective] |
|
Verteporfin
|
wet ARMD
dye activated by light to destroy neovascularization |
|
Besivance
|
4th generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic
-suspension |
|
bupivacaine
|
local anesthetic
epidural |
|
Chlorphenamine
|
antihistamine
SNRI |
|
chloroquine
|
DOC for malaria
|
|
clindamycin
|
used with quinine for safe use by children
treats malaria Blackwater Fever |
|
clotrimazole
|
Topical antifungal
|
|
Estazolam
|
intermediate acting benzo
-promote sleep |
|
Alprazolam (Xanax)
|
benzo
-potential for abuse |
|
Foscarnet
|
antiviral med used for HSV and drug resistant CMV
|
|
fosfomycin
|
broad-spectrum antibiotic
-tx UTIs |
|
pemirolast (Alamast)
|
anti-allergic drug or tx of asthma
allergic conjunctivitis |
|
Pimecrolimus
|
tx: eczema
topical cream |
|
Sildenafil
|
tx: erectile dysfunction, angina, HTN
|
|
Somatostatin
|
growth hormone inhibiting hormone
inhibits production |
|
Tolbutamide
|
K channel blocker
Type II diabetes stimulates secretion of insulin |
|
Ultram (Tramadol)
|
centrally acting analgesic for treating moderate pain
-opioid |
|
Vicodin
|
analgesic for treating moderate pain
|
|
Tobradex
|
Steroid-antibiotic combo
- dexamethasone/tobramycin |
|
Maxitrol
|
Steroid-antibiotic combo
dexamethasone/neomycin/polymixin B |
|
Zylet
|
Steroid-antibiotic combo
loteprednol/tobramycin |
|
linezolid
|
antibiotic used for gram + bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics
|
|
Mepivacaine
|
local anesthetic - amide
rapid onset |
|
Leuprolide
|
gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog
acts on pituitary to down regulate LH and FSH |
|
Insulin
|
-produced by beta cells
-causes glucose to be stored as glucogen |
|
Penicillin
|
-work on cell wall
-inhibit crosslinking which leads to cell death |
|
Ammonium
|
osmotic diuretic for edema
|
|
Iodine
|
Essential part of thyroid hormones
- large doses inhibit iodide organification -hyperthyroidism |