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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Blastomyces dermatitidis |
-North America (Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys) ,Africa, SW Asia -Soil, woody plants, decaying matter -Inhalation of conidia, inoculation with soil, or dog bite |
-Geographic distribution -Ecological Niche -Route of Infection |
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Blastomyces dermatitidis Clinical Syndromes |
-Severity dependent on extent of exposure and immune status -Symptoms in <50% exposed -Pulmonary disease or extrapulmonary disseminated disease |
-Severity/Symptoms -Incubation Period -Attack Rate -Clinical Illness |
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Pulmonary Blastomycosis |
Asymptomatic or present as a mild flu-like illness (severe cases resemble bacterial pneumonia) |
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Blastomyces dermatitidis Diagnosis |
-Microscopic detection of fungus in tissue (confirmed by culture) -Broad-based budding yeast in tissue -Serologic Assays not useful, must do molecular assay |
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Coccidioides immitis/posadasii |
-Southwestern US, Mexico, Central/South America -soil and dust (nitrogenous bat/rodent droppings) -inhalation of arthroconidia |
-Geographic distribution -Ecological Niche -Route of Infection |
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Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Clinical Syndromes |
-inhalation of only a few spores can produce primary coccidiomycosis - fever, cough, headache, rash, muscle aches, joint pain -skin rash, chronic pneumonia, meningitis, bone and joint infection -1 to 3 weeks -30-60% of patients have asymptomatic pulmonary disease -can be pulmonary or extrapulmonary disseminated disease |
-Severity/Symptoms -Incubation Period -Attack Rate -Clinical Illness |
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Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Diagnosis |
-microscopic detection of fungus in tissue -present as spherules containing endospores -serologic testing for initial screening and confirmation -molecular assay |
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Risk Factors for Disseminated Disease |
-infants and elderly -male (9:1) -fillipino>black>native american>hispanic>asian -late pregnancy and post partum -negative skin test -chemotherapy, steroids, HIV |
-age -sex -genetics -pregnancy -skin test -depressed cell-mediated immunity |
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Histoplasma capsulatum |
-North America (Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys), Mexico, Central/South America -Soil with high nitrogen content -Inhalation of microconidia |
-Geographic distribution -Ecological Niche -Route of Infection |
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Histoplasma capsulatum Clinical Syndromes |
-Severity dependent on extent of exposure and immune status -4 to 18 days -Symptoms (similar to pneumonia) occur in 10% of infected individuals -Can cause acute pulmonary histoplasmosis |
-Severity/Symptoms -Incubation Period -Attack Rate -Clinical Illness |
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Histoplasma capsulatum Diagnosis |
-Microscopic detection of fungus in tissue -Appears as small, oval narrow-based budding yeast (intracellular in macrophages) -Serologic testing (urine or blood) most useful for diagnosis/prognosis -Molecular assay |
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Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei |
-Southcentral, Southeast, East Asia -Soil isolated from bamboo rats -Inhalation of spores, traumatic implantation, enteric spread after eating bamboo rat |
-Geographic distribution -Ecological Niche -Route of Infection |
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Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei Clinical Syndromes |
-disseminated infection (skin, soft tissue, viscera) -Occurs primarily in HIV infected persons in Thailand/Southern China -Resembles histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and tuberculosis |
-Severity/Symptoms -Clinical Illness |
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Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei Diagnosis
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-Microscopic detection of fungus in tissues -Appears as elliptical fission yeast that are intracellular -Serologic testing under development -Molecular assay |
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