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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anaerobic Power and Capacity:
-ability to generate ATP in sudden, short duration, “all out” tasks is related to production in anaerobic pathways (phosphocreatine system and anaerobic glycolysis) -Most commonly assessed with ... anaerobic test-pedaling cycle ergometer for 30 sec. with maximal effort against fixed braking force set at ...-... times previously determined maximum. Allows determination of ... power and ... power. Wingate test identifies people with increased ... performance capability but does not necessarily relate to actual athletic performance due to confounding strategy, prior experience, and intrinsic motivation |
Wingate
2-4 peak mean aerobic |
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Components of physical fitness:
Most of strength measurements do not correlate w/ performance. What is the one strength measurement that IS related to performance? ... – measures muscle endurance. The smaller the difference between the first 5 reps and the last, the ... endurance one has. For return to play, restoration to < ...% difference between in fatigue index (loss of power) when comparing previously injured limb to healthy one is used. |
one repetition maximum (1 PM) – max weight lifted in one rep.
Fatigue index more 10 |
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Prescribing exercise:
Include: -... training-for restoration of correct muscle firing patterns -stretching of ... muscles-for symmetry -retraining of ... muscles -aerobic conditioning |
proprioceptive balance
tight inhibited |
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Exercise Rx. – Safety issues:
Consider proper footwear/equipment and gradual increase in activity Appropriate fluid intake, precautions in humid, hot, or cold settings Air pollution, ... (work capacity will drop – start adjusting at 1500 m), terrain, and wind |
altitude
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Reciprocal Inhibition:
Stimulation of both flexor and extensor muscles is co-contraction and ... a joint and ... its movement. Flexor contracts and extensor ... via reciprocal inhibition and vice versa ... contraction increases antagonist inhibition ... contraction inhibits and weakens antagonist. |
stabilizes
restricts relaxes Harder Facilitated |
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Muscle fiber type:
... Twitch -high capillary density, red color -tonic/postural -react to functional disturbance by shortening and tightening, hypertonicity, facilitation ... Twitch -fatigue rapidly, low capillary density, white -phasic -react to disturbance by weakening, hypotonicity, inhibition (pseudoparesis) *All muscles have ...; usually have more of one or the other |
Slow
Fast mixture of slow and fast twitch |
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Postural/Tonic Muscles:
-Fatigue ... -tend to be ... more often Hamstrings, Scalenes Iliopsoas, Gastrocnemius Rectus femoris, Soleus TFL, Pectoralis major Thigh adductors, Levator scapulae Piriformis, Upper trapezius Erector spinae (L and S), Bicep brachii Quadratus lumborum |
slower
tight |
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Dynamic/Phasic Muscles
-fatigue ... Vastus medialis/lateralis, Rhomboids Gluteus medius, minimus, maximus lower trapezius, Triceps brachii Mid thoracic erector spinae Tibialis anterior Peroneal muscles |
faster
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Causes of muscle imbalance:
Tight muscles get ..., weak ones get ..., motor control gets more ... |
tighter
weaker asymmetric |
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Muscle imbalance:
Not ... Muscles respond in characteristic patterns: -Pseudoparesis -... (key! abnormal of this leads to the pattern below) -Muscle Imbalance Syndromes |
random
Muscle Firing Patterns |
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Muscle firing patterns:
Normal prone hip extension: 1) ... 2) ... 3) ... 4) ... Most common alteration is: -failure to activate/weakness of gluteus maximus with substitution of hamstrings and erector spinae in upper lumbar and lower thoracic regions |
hamstrings
gluteus maximus contralateral lower lumbar erector spinae ipsilateral lower lumbar erector spinae |
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Muscle Firing patterns:
Normal hip abduction in sidelying 1) ... 2) ... 3) ... 4) ... Most common substitution pattern is: weakness of gluteus medius with early firing of TFL or quadratus lumborum, resulting in internal rotation and flexion of hip in hip adduction; worst case is initiation by ... |
gluteus medius
TFL ipsilateral quadratus lumborum erector spinae quadratus lumborum |
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Muscle Firing patterns:
Seated shoulder abduction: 1) ... 2) ... 3) ... 4) ... 5) ... Most common abnormal pattern is: shoulder elevation by levator scapulae and upper trapezius and early firing of quadratus lumborum |
supraspinatus
deltoid infraspinatus mid and lower trapezius contralateral quadratus lumborum |
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Hyperlipidemia:
What is the only lipid we can directly effect? -No direct effect of regular resistance or aerobic exercise on lowering total cholesterol or LDL -Weight loss or better diet may lower serum cholesterol or LDL (an indirect effect) -... decrease by 10-20% with exercise |
Triglycerides
TGYs |