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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Anaerobic Power and Capacity:

-ability to generate ATP in sudden, short duration, “all out” tasks is related to production in anaerobic pathways (phosphocreatine system and anaerobic glycolysis)
-Most commonly assessed with ... anaerobic test-pedaling cycle ergometer for 30 sec. with maximal effort against fixed braking force set at ...-... times previously determined maximum. Allows determination of ... power and ... power.

Wingate test identifies people with increased ... performance capability but does not necessarily relate to actual athletic performance due to confounding strategy, prior experience, and intrinsic motivation
Wingate
2-4
peak
mean
aerobic
Components of physical fitness:

Most of strength measurements do not correlate w/ performance.

What is the one strength measurement that IS related to performance?

... – measures muscle endurance. The smaller the difference between the first 5 reps and the last, the ... endurance one has.

For return to play, restoration to < ...% difference between in fatigue index (loss of power) when comparing previously injured limb to healthy one is used.
one repetition maximum (1 PM) – max weight lifted in one rep.

Fatigue index
more
10
Prescribing exercise:

Include:
-... training-for restoration of correct muscle firing patterns
-stretching of ... muscles-for symmetry
-retraining of ... muscles
-aerobic conditioning
proprioceptive balance
tight
inhibited
Exercise Rx. – Safety issues:

Consider proper footwear/equipment and gradual increase in activity

Appropriate fluid intake, precautions in humid, hot, or cold settings

Air pollution, ... (work capacity will drop – start adjusting at 1500 m), terrain, and wind
altitude
Reciprocal Inhibition:

Stimulation of both flexor and extensor muscles is co-contraction and ... a joint and ... its movement.

Flexor contracts and extensor ... via reciprocal inhibition and vice versa

... contraction increases antagonist inhibition

... contraction inhibits and weakens antagonist.
stabilizes
restricts
relaxes
Harder
Facilitated
Muscle fiber type:

... Twitch
-high capillary density, red color
-tonic/postural
-react to functional disturbance by shortening and tightening, hypertonicity, facilitation

... Twitch
-fatigue rapidly, low capillary density, white
-phasic
-react to disturbance by weakening, hypotonicity, inhibition (pseudoparesis)

*All muscles have ...; usually have more of one or the other
Slow
Fast
mixture of slow and fast twitch
Postural/Tonic Muscles:
-Fatigue ...
-tend to be ... more often

Hamstrings, Scalenes
Iliopsoas, Gastrocnemius
Rectus femoris, Soleus
TFL, Pectoralis major
Thigh adductors, Levator scapulae
Piriformis, Upper trapezius
Erector spinae (L and S), Bicep brachii
Quadratus lumborum
slower
tight
Dynamic/Phasic Muscles
-fatigue ...

Vastus medialis/lateralis, Rhomboids
Gluteus medius, minimus, maximus
lower trapezius, Triceps brachii
Mid thoracic erector spinae
Tibialis anterior
Peroneal muscles
faster
Causes of muscle imbalance:

Tight muscles get ..., weak ones get ..., motor control gets more ...
tighter
weaker
asymmetric
Muscle imbalance:

Not ...
Muscles respond in characteristic patterns:

-Pseudoparesis
-... (key! abnormal of this leads to the pattern below)
-Muscle Imbalance Syndromes
random
Muscle Firing Patterns
Muscle firing patterns:

Normal prone hip extension:
1) ...
2) ...
3) ...
4) ...

Most common alteration is:
-failure to activate/weakness of gluteus maximus with substitution of hamstrings and erector spinae in upper lumbar and lower thoracic regions
hamstrings
gluteus maximus
contralateral lower lumbar erector spinae
ipsilateral lower lumbar erector spinae
Muscle Firing patterns:

Normal hip abduction in sidelying
1) ...
2) ...
3) ...
4) ...

Most common substitution pattern is: weakness of gluteus medius with early firing of TFL or quadratus lumborum, resulting in internal rotation and flexion of hip in hip adduction; worst case is initiation by ...
gluteus medius
TFL
ipsilateral quadratus lumborum
erector spinae
quadratus lumborum
Muscle Firing patterns:

Seated shoulder abduction:
1) ...
2) ...
3) ...
4) ...
5) ...

Most common abnormal pattern is: shoulder elevation by levator scapulae and upper trapezius and early firing of quadratus lumborum
supraspinatus
deltoid
infraspinatus
mid and lower trapezius
contralateral quadratus lumborum
Hyperlipidemia:

What is the only lipid we can directly effect?

-No direct effect of regular resistance or aerobic exercise on lowering total cholesterol or LDL
-Weight loss or better diet may lower serum cholesterol or LDL (an indirect effect)
-... decrease by 10-20% with exercise
Triglycerides
TGYs