Ophthalmology Pharmacology

Front 1

Atropine

Back 1

Relative contraindications: albino, downs, neonates;

Front 2

Cyclophosphamide

Back 2

cytotoxic alkylating agent; creates cross-links btwn DNA--> inhibits transcription of mRNA

SE=hemorrhagic cystitis; prevent w/ hydration (PO>IV)

Front 3

Chlorambucil

Back 3

cytotoxic alkylating agent; creates cross-links btwn DNA-->inhibits transcription of mRNA; slowest of all alkylating agents

Front 4

Cyclosporine

Back 4

immune modulator of IL2 (inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes

Front 5

Idox & Vidarabine

Back 5

ointment preps for herpes; both inhibit DNA synthesis by acting as false analogs

Front 6

Trifluridine (viroptic)

Back 6

inhibits thymidylate synthetase (herpes specific enzyme)

Front 7

Acyclovir

Back 7

guanosine analog; activated only by thymidine kinase (herpes specific enzyme)

Front 8

Prednisone

Back 8

non-specific cytostatic anti-inflammatory

Front 9

Azathioprine: (Imuran)

Back 9

inhibits purine ring biosynthesis

Front 10

Methotrexate

Back 10

inhibits purine ring biosynthesis & synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate nucleotide

Front 11

Pyrimethamine

Back 11

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Front 12

Sulfadiazine

Back 12

blocks production of dihydrofolate from para-aminobenzoic acid

Front 13

Clinda

Back 13

tx for toxo

Front 14

Rifabutin

Back 14

SE: acute sterile ant uveitis in AIDS pts wks-months after starting tx

Front 15

Nystatin

Back 15

polyene antifungal

Front 16

Natamycin

Back 16

polyene antifungal; filamentous fungi (topical)

Front 17

Ampho

Back 17

polyene antifungal; aspergillus & candida; gtts must be stored in dark glass or opaque containers

Front 18

Flucytosine

Back 18

Pyrimidine antifungals; most likely to encounter resistence; adjunctive for candida

Front 19

Clotrimazole

Back 19

imidazole antifungal; good for aspergillus & better tolerated, therefore aspergillus drug of choice

Front 20

ketoconazole & Itraconazole

Back 20

imidazole antifungals; use for severe/resistant acanthamoeba

Front 21

Aminocaproic acid

Back 21

PO; can prevent rebleed in traumatic hyphema

Front 22

Meds that increase IOP

Back 22

Ketamine (at high doses) & trichloroethylene (succinyl)

Front 23

anesthesia Meds that lower IOP

Back 23

Barbiturates & tranquilizers (halothane, thiopental)

Front 24

Timolol

Back 24

beta blocker; may dec HDLs

Front 25

Pilo

Back 25

SE=conj congestion, induced myopia, cataract formation, HA, rarely RD

Front 26

Hyperosmotic agents

Back 26

SE=worsening of CHF, backache, HA, confusion, SDH, SAH

Front 27

Echothiophate

Back 27

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitorcauses blood-aqueous barrier disruption after surgery; also, it deactivates succinlycholine & pts may be paralyzed form anesthesia for long time; therefore must be held several weeks prior to surgery;

Front 28

Apraclonidine

Back 28

SE=dry mouth/nose, lid retraction,, mydriasis, conj blanching

Front 29

CAI

Back 29

dec aqueous production; 90% must be inhibited for aqueous production to be significantly reduced;
dec excretion of Urinary citrate/mag-->renal stones; Transient acute myopia; metallic taste

Front 30

Latanoprost & travaprost

Back 30

prodrugs (hydrolyzed by K esterase);
inc uveoscleral outflow

Front 31

Bimatoprost

Back 31

inc uveoscleral & TM outflow

Front 32

Unoprostone (Rescula)

Back 32

inc TM outflow

Front 33

BAPN (beta-aminoproprionitrile)

Back 33

lysyl oxidase inhibitor—blocks collagen cross-linking

Front 34

5FU

Back 34

inhibits fibroblast proliferation via action on S phase

Front 35

MMC

Back 35

alkylating agent; decreases DNA synthesis via DNA cross linking

Front 36

Colchicines

Back 36

affects collagen cross-linking=decreases scar formation

Front 37

co Q

Back 37

Tx for Lebers optic neuropathy

Front 38

Vit A

Back 38

Can try to treat RP

Front 39

Edrophonium (tensilon)

Back 39

MG; inhibits Acetylcholinesterase

cholinergic crisis (sweating, n/v, salivation, fever); antecdote=atropine (blocks post-synaptic Ach receptors)

Front 40

Cocaine

Back 40

Horners; inhibits NE reuptakedilation (no dilation in any horners)

Front 41

Hydroxyamphetamine

Back 41

horners; increase NE release-->dilation (1st/2nd=+ dilation; 3rd= -dilation)

Front 42

Dilute pilo

Back 42

Adies vs pharm dilated; constricts pupil if parasympathetic denervation supersensitivity is present (Adies); no effect if pharm dilated

Front 43

Pegaptanib (Macugen)

Back 43

mRNA aptamer

Front 44

Ranibizumab (Lucentis)

Back 44

monoclonal Ab fragment that binds VEGF thereby inhibits it from binding to VEGF receptors

Front 45

Steroid potency

Back 45

(mostleast): dexameth, methylpred, pred, hydrocortisone, cortisone

Front 46

Tamoxifen toxicity

Back 46

retinal crystals; macular edema w/ functional vision loss

Front 47

Canthaxanthine toxicity

Back 47

asymptomatic retinal crystals

Front 48

Methoxyflurane toxicity

Back 48

retinal crystals

Front 49

Chloroquine toxicity

Back 49

vortex keratopathy & bulls eye maculopathy (RPE disruption)
check color vision & mac VF; abnormalities are permanent; peripheral RPE changes & ERG abnormalities, abn low EOG

Front 50

Talc toxicity

Back 50

retinal crystals

Front 51

Phenothiazines toxicity

Back 51

(Thioridazine>chlorpromazine)
peripheral RPE changes & ERG abnormalities

Front 52

Chlorpromazine toxicity

Back 52

abn pigmentation of conj, cornea, lid, ant cap, retina

Front 53

Thioridazine toxicity

Back 53

RPE stippling or widespread atrophy of RPE & choriocapillaris; less likely to cause pigment changes to anterior structures, but not unreasonable

Front 54

Antivirals toxicity

Back 54

PEK, follicular conj, indolent K ulcer, preauricular LAD (idoxuridine)

(most toxic) idoxuridine>vidarabine>trifluridine>acyclovir

Front 55

Viroptic overtreatment

Back 55

sterile ulcer, pseudodentrites, PEK, photophobia

Front 56

Polyene antifungals toxicity

Back 56

renal toxicity

Front 57

Imidazole antifungals toxicity

Back 57

hepatic toxicity