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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Trichiasis
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misdirected lashes
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Distichiasis
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extra row of lashes
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Ankyloblepharon
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fusion of all or part of lids
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Cryptophthalmos
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failure of lids to develop or separate; often eye is malformed
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Entropion
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1) horizontal lid laxity=lateral tarsal strip; 2) involutional (lower retractor dehiscence)=retractor advance (suture retractors to tarsus); 3) overriding of pretarsal orbicularis by preseptal orbicularis= excision of strip of preseptal orbicularis; 4) ciccatrization
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Ectropion
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involutional (increased laxity of lid (aging + gravity)) > paralytic (bells palsy), mechanical (tumor, edema) & cicatricial (shortening of anterior lamella (scaring, burns, solar, inflammation) >>> congenital
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Epicanthus
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palpebralis
inversus tarsalis supraciliaris |
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Epicanthus
palpebralis |
(simple) broader above
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Epicanthus
inversus |
broader below
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Epicanthus
tarsalis |
equally broad above & below
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epicanthus
supraciliaris |
origin from eyebrow
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Epiblepharon
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asian kids; altered lower lid retractor attachments-->overriding of pretarsal orbicularis
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Levator dehiscence
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high lid crease (“involutional ptosis”)
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Euryblepharon
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horizontal widening of lid fissure
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Lower lid retractor disinsertion
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white line inf to tarsal border; higher than normal lower lid position; decreased movement on lower lid on down gaze; elongation of inferior fornix
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lid colobomas
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do not come from failure of embryonic fissure closure; upper lid>lower; if medial upper, typically isolated finding; lower lid=more often assoc w/ cong anomalies (clefting); assoc w/ Goldenhar’s
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Blepharophimosis syndrome
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AD; small horizontal fissure; congenital; assoc w/ Tetrad: 1)telecanthus, 2)blepharoptosis, 3)blepharophimosis, 4)epicanthus inversus; may also have lower lid ectropion, poor development of orbital rims & nasal bones, ??hypertelorism
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Dacryoliths
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palpable masses in lacrimal sac
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Dacryocystocele
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blocked valve of Hasner
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Congenital lacrimal fistula
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abnormality in surface ectoderm; assoc w/ tear reflux & NLDO
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Canalicular stenosis causes:
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infectious (herpetic, trachoma, mono), inflammatory (SJS, OCP), trauma (lac, chemical/thermal injury, repeated probing), allergy, radiation, tumors, canaliculitis, eye drops (antivirals, strong miotics, epinephrine)
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Orb floor fxr
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most often within the maxilla, posterior & medial to the infraorbital canal (thickness is only ~0.5mm);
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Steatoblepharon
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orbital fat bulging
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Xanthelasma
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histo=foamy histiocytes; typically no hyperlipidemia (~25% are); lesions in dermis
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Dacryadenitis
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acute painful enlargement: bacterial
chronic, painless, bilateral enlargement: sarcoid>lymphoma, syphilis, TB |
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Mikolicz’s
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chronic dacryoadenitis + Sjogrens
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Dacryocystitis
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chronic, asymptomatic=Strep pneumo
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Nanophthalmos
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ant sclerotomy may be indicated ig pre-op AC is shallow & choroid is thickened; complications: RD, choroidal effusion & seroud RD, post-op angle closure, flat AC, cystoid macular edema, corneal decomp, malignant glaucoma; surg of choice=extracap w/ PC IOL through smallest incision possible
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microphthalmos
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Associated with fetal alcohol syndrome, congenital infections (HSV, CMV, rubella), (trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), Triploid Syndrome, and Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome); axial length <21 mm in an adult, or <19 mm in a one-year-old
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Hypertelorism
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abnormally wide distance btwn eyes (measure from medial walls)
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Telecanthus
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wide space between eyes (measured from medial canthi)—may be secondary to hypertelorism or isolated finding
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orbital pseudotumor:
Adults |
More likely to involve lacrimal gland
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orbital pseudotumor:
Kids |
1/3 bilateral; rarely associated w/ systemic diseased.
More systemic features: headache, fever, vomiting, lethargy CBC=peripheral eosinophilia |
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Thyroid orbitopathy
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surgical tx=decompress --> strab --> lids; CT=no tendon involvement; most commonly involved=inferior rectus & medial rectus
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Craniosynostosis
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midfacial hypoplasia, V-pattern exotropia, proptosis, telecanthus
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Pfeiffers
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Craniosynostosis
AD, shallow orbits, syndactyly, short digits (thumbs/big toes), underdeveloped mid-face |
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Crouzons
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craniofacial synostosis; premature closure of sutures, midface hypoplasia and shallow orbits, proptosis, maxillary hypoplasia, hypertelorism, beaked nose, short stature, abnormalities of the spine, a large protruding lower jaw, misalignment of teeth, and high-arched, narrow or cleft palate, strabismus, progressive optic nerve atrophy in cases of associated intracranial hypertension
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Aperts
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craniofacial synostosis; premature closure of sutures
craniofacial synostosis; premature closure of sutures, syndactyly, sunken midface w/ shallow orbits, proptosis, strabismus,maxillary hypoplasia w/ protruding lower jaw, cardiac anomalies, gastrointestinal malformations, cleft palate, hearing deficits due to recurrent ear infections, acne. (more craniofacial problems, but less proptosis than crouzons) (30% mental retardation) |
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Plagiocephaly
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positional flattening of skull
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Treacher Collins
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Craniosynostosis
clefting syndrome; hypoplasia of mid face, pseudocolobomas of lids (lower lid coloboma), downward angle to lateral canthi (antimongoloid slant), dental & ear anomalies |