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68 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ROYGBIV
Colors of the Rainbow (infrared to ultraviolet)

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Layers of the Cornea

ABCDE
Anterior Epithelium
Bowman's Membrane
Corneal Stroma
Decemets Membrane
Endothelium
Causes of cataracts
Aging
Bang: trauma, other injuries (eg infrared)
Congenital
Diabetes and other metabolic disturbances (eg steroids)
Eye diseases: glaucoma, uveitis
ab+err+ation..
in this if we concentrate on err.. which relates to error.. which is deviation from normal
aberration = ab+eye+irritation
if the pic is not of good quality due to lens problems its eye-irritating
Red eye causes:

GO SUCK:
Glaucoma
Orbital disease
Scleritis
Uveitis
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Diplopia (uniocular): causes

ABCD:
Astigmatism
Behavioral: psychogenic
Cataract
Dislocated lens
Anopsia: quarantic anopsia:

location of lesion: Upper
location of lesion: Lower
Upper: Top: Temporal lesions.
Lower: Pits: Parietal lesions.
---Sung Hoon Kim Wonkang Univ Medical school, South Korea
Cataracts: differential Dx

CATARA...ct:
Congenital
Aging
Toxicity (steroids, etc)
Accidents
Radiation
Abnormal metabolism (DM, Wilsons, etc)
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Cataracts: causes

ABCDE:
Aging
Bang: trauma, other injuries (eg infrared)
Congenital
Diabetes and other metabolic disturbances (eg steroids)
Eye diseases: glaucoma, uveitis

---Anthony Chan
Dacryocystitis, dacryoadenitis:

apparatus affected?
Dacryocystitis, dacryadenitis:
· Cry, so affects lacrimal gland.
· Infection and inflammation, respectively.
Periorbital cellulitis: etiology

SIGHT:
Sinusitis
Insect Bite
Globular/ Glandular Spread
Heme Spread
Trauma
Show Details / Rate It
---Gregory Gulick Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Choroidal neovascular membrane :

HAMMAR
Histoplasmosis
ARMD
Multifocal Choroiditis
Myopia
Angiod
Rupture of the choroid
---Anonymous Contributor
Corneal stromal dystrophies
"Marilyn Monroe Gets High in LA":
Macular: Mucopolysaccharide
Granular: Hyaline
Lattice: Amyloid
\---Elise R. Leonard, M.D.
Optic atrophy causes:

ICING:
Ischaemia
Compressed nerve
Intracranial pressure [raised]
Neuritis history
Glaucoma
Head trauma:
rapid neuro exam
·
12 P's:
Psychological (mental) status
Pupils: size, symmetry, reaction
Paired ocular movememts
Papilloedema
Pressure (BP, increased ICP)
Pulse and rate
Paralysis, Paresis
Pyramidal signs
Pin prick sensory response
Pee (incontinent)
Patellar relex (and others)
Ptosis
· Reevaluate patient every 8 hrs.
Show Details / Rate It
---Ernest Boiselier, MD and Sung Kim Attending physician, ISSSTE, Juarez, Mexico
Sarcoidosis summarized

SARCOIDOISIS:
Schaumann calcifications
Asteroid bodies/ [ACE] increase/ Anergy
Respiratory complications/ Renal calculi/ Restrictive lung disease/ Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Calcium increase in serum and urine/ CD4 helper cells
Ocular lesions
Immune mediated noncaseating granulomas/ [Ig] increase
Diabetes insipidus/ [D vit.] increase/ Dyspnea
Osteopathy
Skin (Subcutaneous nodules, erythema nodosum)
Interstitial lung fibrosis/ IL-1
Seventh CN palsy

---Rinku Uberoi UNIBE
Balint's syndrome
SOOT:
Simultagnosia
Optic ataxia
Ocular apraxia
Tunnel vision

---Bobby Varkey SCTIMST
TIA: internal carotid vs. vertebrobasilar

MD vs. DPM
· Internal carotid:
Monocular blindness (amaurox fugax)
Dominant hemisphere (apahsia)
· The weakness or numbness is still less in the legs.
· Vetebrobasilar:
Diplopia/ Double blindness
Paralysis (quadriplesia)
Motor weakness (ipsilateral)
· Ataxia is characteristic in veterbrobasilar lesions.

---Samuel Atom Baek-Kim Tuckahoe, New York
Extraocular muscles: movements
"ObliqLiques cause lateral rotation of eyeball":

· Obliques cause lateral, all other rectii are medial rotators of the eyeball.

Action of the obliques is opposite to their names.

Action of the rectii is rightly fitting to their names.

Both superiors cause intorsion and both inferiors cause extorsion.
\---Varsha RMC, Loni, India
Extraocular muscles cranial nerve innervation

"LR6SO4 rest 3":
Lateral Rectus is 6th
Superior Oblique is 4th
rest are all 3rd cranial nerve
Show Details / Rate It
---Atul Singh Detroit Medical Center
Perinaud's syndrome: clinical features
PERINAUD'S:
Pseudo 6th nerve palsy/ Penial region
Eyelid Retraction
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Nystagmus
Accomodation reflex present
Upward gaze palsy
Defective convergence/ Decerebrate rigidity
Skew deviation

---Ram Mohan Svrr Tirupathi AP India
Sjogren syndrome: morphology
"Jog through the MAPLES":
· Sjogren is:
Mouth dry
Arthritis
Parotid enlarged
Lymphoma
Eyes dry
Sicca (primary) or Secondary


Picture woman (more common in women) jogging (when you jog you get dry mouth & dry eyes from wind and sore joints from hitting pavement)
Thyrotoxicosis syndrome: signs and symptoms
"A Penny For Every Symptom That Hyperthyroidism Will Make Grossly Evident":
Anxiety
Palpitations/ Pulse rapid
Fatigability
Emotional lability
Sweating
Tremor
Heat intolerance
Weight loss with good appetite
Muscular weakness/ Menstrual changes
Goitre
Eye changes

---Daniel Clarke University of Queensland
Geniculate bodies: medial vs. lateral system
MALE:
Medial=Auditory. Lateral=Eye.
Medial geniculate body is for auditory system, lateral geniculate body is for visual system.
Can expand to MALES to remember Lateral=Eye=Superior colliculus (thus medial is inferior colliculus by default).
Show Details / Rate It
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Horner's syndrome components

SPAM:
Sunken eyeballs/ Symphathetic plexus (cervical) affected
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Show Details / Rate It
---Samuel Atom Baek-Kim
Cranial nerves: olfactory and optic numbers
"You have two eyes and one nose":
Optic nerve is cranial nerve two.
Olfactory nerve is cranial nerve one.
· Alternatively, note alphabetical order: oLfactory, and oPtic.
Show Details / Rate It
---Rajael Somaskanthan Medical student, Royal Free and UCL Medical School
Aspirin: side effects
ASPIRIN:
Asthma
Salicyalism
Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation/ Premature closure of PDA
Intestinal blood loss
Reye's syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise (tinnitus)
Show Details / Rate It
---Dr. Chetan Wasekar, MBBS KEM Hospital
Eyes: abbreviations for the eyes
You look OUt with Both eyes.
Take the Right dose so you won't OD [overdose].
The only one that is Left is OS.
· Both eyes=OU, Right eye=OD, Left eye=OS.

---Deborah Belty, RN, MS Tulsa Community College
Diabetes: short list of complications
SHAKE:
Stroke
Heart attack
Amputations
Kidney disease
Eyes (vision loss)
Show Details / Rate It
---Connie Alexander-Carty
Von Hippel-Lindau: signs and symptoms
HIPPEL:
Hemanigoblastomas
Increased renal cancer
Pheochromocytoma
Port-wine stains
Eye dysfunction
Liver, pancreas, kidney cysts
· Bare bones version: Hippel-Lindau, with H and L as above.

---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Miosis: causes of pin-point pupils
CPR ON SLIME:
Clonidine
Phenothiazines
Resting (deep sleep)
Opiates
Narcotics
Stroke (pontine hemorrhage)
Lomotil (diphenoxylate)
Insecticides
Mushrooms/ Muscarinic (inocybe, clitocybe)
Eye drops
\
---Sam LaCapra, M.D., F.A.C.E.P. Emergency
Sign vs. symptom
Remember Ace of Base's song that goes like this:
"I Saw the Sign, and it opened up my eyes".
The physician sees the signs.
---Lee
Gram staining: mechanism
"Murein gets the red out" [Allusion to an old eye-wash slogan]:
Peptidoglycan (aka murein) remains purple during Gram staining. The Gram negatives, devoid of murein, are red.
Thus, murein prevents redness and are purple (positive).

---Caoimhín P. Connell Industrial Hygienist
Lacrimal nerve course
"Lacrimal's story of 8 L's":
Lacrimal nerve runs on Lateral wall of orbit above Lateral rectus, then Lets communicating branch join in, then supplies Lacrimal gland, then Leaves it and supplies Lateral upper eye Lid!

---Usman Ahmad KMC
Cavernous sinus contents
O TOM CAT:
O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior.
CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM.
· See diagram.
Occulomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Carotid artery
Abducent nerve (VI)
T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM.
Cranial nerves [for those under stress]
"Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final A Good Vacation Seems Heavenly":
Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal root of the accessory
Hypoglossal
Show Details / Rate It
---Anonymous Contributor
Bell's palsy: symptoms
BELL'S Palsy:
Blink reflex abnormal
Earache
Lacrimation [deficient, excess]
Loss of taste
Sudden onset
Palsy of VII nerve muscles
· All symptoms are unilateral.

---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Orbit: bones of medial wall
"My Little Eye Sits in the orbit":
Maxilla (frontal process)
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid (body)

---Usman Ahmad
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
Sympathetic: "Fight or Flight"

Parasympathetic: "Sex, Sandwiches and Sleep"

---Anonymous Contributor
miotic / miosis
Think "o" for small pupil
Think "My I Ought To" Immediately Consider" dilation
mydriatic / mydriasis
dialted pupil

Think "MY" Oh "MY" as when you are excited or surprised your pupils dilate.
Differential Dx of Glaucoma
Normal Tension

UPS
Undetected high IOP glaucoma
Pathology to nerve – compressive and congenital
Systemic – AION + CBC, ESR
Filamentary Keratopathy

PABST 57 STEAK --
Patching/Ptosis/Postop
Adenoviral
Bullous keratopathy
SLK
Trauma
5 or 7 cranial nerve dysfunction
Simplex
Toxic
Erosion (recurrent) syndrome
KCS
Pseudomembranous or Membranous Conjunctivitis

OH GLAD SCABS --
OCP
Herpes
Gonococcal
Ligneous
Adenoviral
Diphtheria
Steven-johnson syndrome
Candida or Chlamidya (newborn only)
Alkali
Beta-hemolytic strep
Springtime (vernal conj)
Chronic Follicles

BATMAP
Benign follicles
Adult chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis
Topical (Toxic) medications
Molluscum (other viral)
Axenfeld’s
Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome
Optics, Visual Physiology, and Correction of Refractive Errors

CAP

SAM
CAP Closer Add Plus

SAM Steeper Add Minus

MMM -- 2 possibilities

Minus Means More -- 2.5 x Diopter value of Lens % increase in the measured tropic deviationwhen in minus lenses greater than -5 D
Minus Lens Tilting --> Minus sphere (small) + Minus Cylinder x 180 (large)
Post Enucleation Socket Syndrome
(PESS)
Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Deep upper Sulcus
Slack lower lid
Associations of Vortex Keratopathy:

ABCDEF
Arthritis (diclofenac)
Breast Cancer (Tamoxifen)
Cardiac (amiodarone)
Dementia / Depression (Chlorpromazine)
Enzyme deficiency (see F)
Fabry's Disease
Features of Keratoconus: CONES
Central scarring & Fleischer ring
Oil drop reflex / Oedema (hydrops)
Nerves prominent
Excessive bulging of lower lid on downgaze (Munson’s sign)
Striae (Vogt’s)
Systemic associations of keratoconus: ABCDEF
Atopy
Bones (osteogenesis imperfecta)
Crouzon’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Ehler’s Danlos syndrome
Fingers (Marfan’s)
Stromal dystrophies:
Marilyn Monroe Always Gets Her Man in LA City
Macular dystrophy
Mucopolysaccharide
Alcian blue
Granular Dystrophy
Hyaline material
Masson's Trichrome
Lattice Dystrophy
Amyloid
Congo Red
Secondary glaucoma: NIPPLES
Neovascular
Iridoschisis
PXF
Pigmentary
Lens (phacolytic/phacomorphic)
Iridocorneal Endothelial syndromes
Seclusio pupillae (in iritis)
+trauma (angle recession)
Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) Syndrome subtypes: ICE
Iris Naevus
Chandler Syndrome
Essential Iris Atrophy
Systemic Features of Sarcoid:

FILLED BAGEL
Facial nerve palsy
Infiltrates of lung parenchyma, Insufficiency of pituitary
Lymphadenopathy (esp lung hilae)
Liver & spleen enlargement
Elevated ACE & calcium
Dilated cardiomyopathy

Bone cysts
Arthralgia
Granulomata of skin
Erythema nodosum
Lupus pernio
Causes of ectopia lentis:

ECTOPIC M&M
Eye degeneration (phthisis)
Choroidal tumours
Trauma
Overstretched zonules (buphthalmos / megalocornea)
AR with Pupil ectopy
Isolated AR
Cystathione beta-synthase deficiency (homocystinuria)
Marfans
Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Features of posterior scleritis: POST SCLER
Proptosis
Ophthalmoplegia
Swelling of disc
Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign (fluid in sub-Tenon’s space)
Subretinal exudates
Choroidal foLds
Exudative RD
Ring choroidal detachment
Differential Diagnosis of Drusen:

AGEING
Alports Syndrome
Glomerulonephritis
Exudate (Hard)
Inherited (Familial Dominant Drusen)
North Carolina Dystrophy
starGardts and fundus flavimaculatus
Drugs causing cataract: ABCD
Amiodarone
Busulphan
Chlorpromazine
Dexamethasone (po/g)
Causes of cataract: DAMAGED
Diabetes
Atopy
Myopia / Myotonic dystrophy
Anterior uveitis (chronic)
Glaucomflecken
Electricity / radiation / trauma
Drugs / Dystrophies
Ophthalmic features of TB:

BCG GP
Busacca & Koeppe nodules on iris
Choroiditis
Granulomata in choroid
Granulomatous uveitis (with mutton fat KP’s)
Periphlebitis
Suspicious Choroidal Naevi:

To Find Small Ocular Melanoma
Thickness >2mm
Fluid (subretinal)
Symptoms
Orange pigment (lipofuscin)
Margin at optic disc
Classification of Retinoblastoma:

ABCDE
SmAll (<3mm)
Bigger (>3mm, macular, subretinal fluid)
Contained Seeds
Diffuse seeds (>3mm)
Extensive (>50% globe, opaque media, NVI)
Ocular features of Marfan’s: CLUMPS
Cupping (glaucoma)
Lattice
Upward lens subluxation
Myopia
Cornea Plana
Sclera blue
Things to remember about Lyme Disease: TICK’S CRAP
Tick-borne
Iritis & intermediate uveitis
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis (subepithelial, punctate)
Swelling of disc & Star at macula
Cardiac arrythmias (conduction defects)
Rash (erythema migrans)
Arthritis
Palsies
Complicated Cataract is:

RIGID
Quote:
complicated cataract is RIGID
R- retinal detachment
I- inflammatry conditions like iridocyclitis, hypopyon, choroiditis, endophthalmitis
G- glaucoma {primary n secondary}
I- intraocular tumors
D- degenerative conditions: retnitis pigmentosa, retnal dystrophies
TFSOM—“To Find Small Ocular Melanoma”
Thickness: lesions >2mm
Fluid: any subretinal fluid
(suggestive of serous retinal
detachment)
Symptoms: photopsia, vision
loss
Orange pigment overlying the
lesion
Margin touching optic nerve
head

Mohammad Rafieetary, O.D.
VITAMIN D
Things to consider as an etiology for any pathological process.

V = vascular/ischemic
I = infectious
T = trauma
A = autoimmune/
inflammatory
M = metabolic/systemic
I = inherited/congenital
N =neoplastic
D = drug/toxic

Dr. Karen Brandreth-Walker, OD