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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ROYGBIV
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Colors of the Rainbow (infrared to ultraviolet)
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet |
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Layers of the Cornea
ABCDE |
Anterior Epithelium
Bowman's Membrane Corneal Stroma Decemets Membrane Endothelium |
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Causes of cataracts
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Aging
Bang: trauma, other injuries (eg infrared) Congenital Diabetes and other metabolic disturbances (eg steroids) Eye diseases: glaucoma, uveitis |
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ab+err+ation..
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in this if we concentrate on err.. which relates to error.. which is deviation from normal
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aberration = ab+eye+irritation
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if the pic is not of good quality due to lens problems its eye-irritating
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Red eye causes:
GO SUCK: |
Glaucoma
Orbital disease Scleritis Uveitis Conjunctivitis Keratitis |
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Diplopia (uniocular): causes
ABCD: |
Astigmatism
Behavioral: psychogenic Cataract Dislocated lens |
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Anopsia: quarantic anopsia:
location of lesion: Upper location of lesion: Lower |
Upper: Top: Temporal lesions.
Lower: Pits: Parietal lesions. ---Sung Hoon Kim Wonkang Univ Medical school, South Korea |
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Cataracts: differential Dx
CATARA...ct: |
Congenital
Aging Toxicity (steroids, etc) Accidents Radiation Abnormal metabolism (DM, Wilsons, etc) ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin |
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Cataracts: causes
ABCDE: |
Aging
Bang: trauma, other injuries (eg infrared) Congenital Diabetes and other metabolic disturbances (eg steroids) Eye diseases: glaucoma, uveitis ---Anthony Chan |
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Dacryocystitis, dacryoadenitis:
apparatus affected? |
Dacryocystitis, dacryadenitis:
· Cry, so affects lacrimal gland. · Infection and inflammation, respectively. |
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Periorbital cellulitis: etiology
SIGHT: |
Sinusitis
Insect Bite Globular/ Glandular Spread Heme Spread Trauma Show Details / Rate It ---Gregory Gulick Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine |
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Choroidal neovascular membrane :
HAMMAR |
Histoplasmosis
ARMD Multifocal Choroiditis Myopia Angiod Rupture of the choroid ---Anonymous Contributor |
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Corneal stromal dystrophies
"Marilyn Monroe Gets High in LA": |
Macular: Mucopolysaccharide
Granular: Hyaline Lattice: Amyloid \---Elise R. Leonard, M.D. |
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Optic atrophy causes:
ICING: |
Ischaemia
Compressed nerve Intracranial pressure [raised] Neuritis history Glaucoma |
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Head trauma:
rapid neuro exam · 12 P's: |
Psychological (mental) status
Pupils: size, symmetry, reaction Paired ocular movememts Papilloedema Pressure (BP, increased ICP) Pulse and rate Paralysis, Paresis Pyramidal signs Pin prick sensory response Pee (incontinent) Patellar relex (and others) Ptosis · Reevaluate patient every 8 hrs. Show Details / Rate It ---Ernest Boiselier, MD and Sung Kim Attending physician, ISSSTE, Juarez, Mexico |
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Sarcoidosis summarized
SARCOIDOISIS: |
Schaumann calcifications
Asteroid bodies/ [ACE] increase/ Anergy Respiratory complications/ Renal calculi/ Restrictive lung disease/ Restrictive cardiomyopathy Calcium increase in serum and urine/ CD4 helper cells Ocular lesions Immune mediated noncaseating granulomas/ [Ig] increase Diabetes insipidus/ [D vit.] increase/ Dyspnea Osteopathy Skin (Subcutaneous nodules, erythema nodosum) Interstitial lung fibrosis/ IL-1 Seventh CN palsy ---Rinku Uberoi UNIBE |
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Balint's syndrome
SOOT: |
Simultagnosia
Optic ataxia Ocular apraxia Tunnel vision ---Bobby Varkey SCTIMST |
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TIA: internal carotid vs. vertebrobasilar
MD vs. DPM |
· Internal carotid:
Monocular blindness (amaurox fugax) Dominant hemisphere (apahsia) · The weakness or numbness is still less in the legs. · Vetebrobasilar: Diplopia/ Double blindness Paralysis (quadriplesia) Motor weakness (ipsilateral) · Ataxia is characteristic in veterbrobasilar lesions. ---Samuel Atom Baek-Kim Tuckahoe, New York |
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Extraocular muscles: movements
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"ObliqLiques cause lateral rotation of eyeball":
· Obliques cause lateral, all other rectii are medial rotators of the eyeball. Action of the obliques is opposite to their names. Action of the rectii is rightly fitting to their names. Both superiors cause intorsion and both inferiors cause extorsion. \---Varsha RMC, Loni, India |
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Extraocular muscles cranial nerve innervation
"LR6SO4 rest 3": |
Lateral Rectus is 6th
Superior Oblique is 4th rest are all 3rd cranial nerve Show Details / Rate It ---Atul Singh Detroit Medical Center |
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Perinaud's syndrome: clinical features
PERINAUD'S: |
Pseudo 6th nerve palsy/ Penial region
Eyelid Retraction Internuclear ophthalmoplegia Nystagmus Accomodation reflex present Upward gaze palsy Defective convergence/ Decerebrate rigidity Skew deviation ---Ram Mohan Svrr Tirupathi AP India |
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Sjogren syndrome: morphology
"Jog through the MAPLES": |
· Sjogren is:
Mouth dry Arthritis Parotid enlarged Lymphoma Eyes dry Sicca (primary) or Secondary Picture woman (more common in women) jogging (when you jog you get dry mouth & dry eyes from wind and sore joints from hitting pavement) |
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Thyrotoxicosis syndrome: signs and symptoms
"A Penny For Every Symptom That Hyperthyroidism Will Make Grossly Evident": |
Anxiety
Palpitations/ Pulse rapid Fatigability Emotional lability Sweating Tremor Heat intolerance Weight loss with good appetite Muscular weakness/ Menstrual changes Goitre Eye changes ---Daniel Clarke University of Queensland |
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Geniculate bodies: medial vs. lateral system
MALE: |
Medial=Auditory. Lateral=Eye.
Medial geniculate body is for auditory system, lateral geniculate body is for visual system. Can expand to MALES to remember Lateral=Eye=Superior colliculus (thus medial is inferior colliculus by default). Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin |
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Horner's syndrome components
SPAM: |
Sunken eyeballs/ Symphathetic plexus (cervical) affected
Ptosis Anhydrosis Miosis Show Details / Rate It ---Samuel Atom Baek-Kim |
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Cranial nerves: olfactory and optic numbers
"You have two eyes and one nose": |
Optic nerve is cranial nerve two.
Olfactory nerve is cranial nerve one. · Alternatively, note alphabetical order: oLfactory, and oPtic. Show Details / Rate It ---Rajael Somaskanthan Medical student, Royal Free and UCL Medical School |
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Aspirin: side effects
ASPIRIN: |
Asthma
Salicyalism Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation/ Premature closure of PDA Intestinal blood loss Reye's syndrome Idiosyncracy Noise (tinnitus) Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Chetan Wasekar, MBBS KEM Hospital |
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Eyes: abbreviations for the eyes
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You look OUt with Both eyes.
Take the Right dose so you won't OD [overdose]. The only one that is Left is OS. · Both eyes=OU, Right eye=OD, Left eye=OS. ---Deborah Belty, RN, MS Tulsa Community College |
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Diabetes: short list of complications
SHAKE: |
Stroke
Heart attack Amputations Kidney disease Eyes (vision loss) Show Details / Rate It ---Connie Alexander-Carty |
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Von Hippel-Lindau: signs and symptoms
HIPPEL: |
Hemanigoblastomas
Increased renal cancer Pheochromocytoma Port-wine stains Eye dysfunction Liver, pancreas, kidney cysts · Bare bones version: Hippel-Lindau, with H and L as above. ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin |
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Miosis: causes of pin-point pupils
CPR ON SLIME: |
Clonidine
Phenothiazines Resting (deep sleep) Opiates Narcotics Stroke (pontine hemorrhage) Lomotil (diphenoxylate) Insecticides Mushrooms/ Muscarinic (inocybe, clitocybe) Eye drops \ ---Sam LaCapra, M.D., F.A.C.E.P. Emergency |
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Sign vs. symptom
Remember Ace of Base's song that goes like this: "I Saw the Sign, and it opened up my eyes". |
The physician sees the signs.
---Lee |
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Gram staining: mechanism
"Murein gets the red out" [Allusion to an old eye-wash slogan]: |
Peptidoglycan (aka murein) remains purple during Gram staining. The Gram negatives, devoid of murein, are red.
Thus, murein prevents redness and are purple (positive). ---Caoimhín P. Connell Industrial Hygienist |
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Lacrimal nerve course
"Lacrimal's story of 8 L's": |
Lacrimal nerve runs on Lateral wall of orbit above Lateral rectus, then Lets communicating branch join in, then supplies Lacrimal gland, then Leaves it and supplies Lateral upper eye Lid!
---Usman Ahmad KMC |
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Cavernous sinus contents
O TOM CAT: |
O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior.
CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM. · See diagram. Occulomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Maxillary nerve (V2) Carotid artery Abducent nerve (VI) T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM. |
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Cranial nerves [for those under stress]
"Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final A Good Vacation Seems Heavenly": |
Olfactory
Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Auditory Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal root of the accessory Hypoglossal Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor |
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Bell's palsy: symptoms
BELL'S Palsy: |
Blink reflex abnormal
Earache Lacrimation [deficient, excess] Loss of taste Sudden onset Palsy of VII nerve muscles · All symptoms are unilateral. ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin |
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Orbit: bones of medial wall
"My Little Eye Sits in the orbit": |
Maxilla (frontal process)
Lacrimal Ethmoid Sphenoid (body) ---Usman Ahmad |
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Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
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Sympathetic: "Fight or Flight"
Parasympathetic: "Sex, Sandwiches and Sleep" ---Anonymous Contributor |
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miotic / miosis
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Think "o" for small pupil
Think "My I Ought To" Immediately Consider" dilation |
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mydriatic / mydriasis
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dialted pupil
Think "MY" Oh "MY" as when you are excited or surprised your pupils dilate. |
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Differential Dx of Glaucoma
Normal Tension UPS |
Undetected high IOP glaucoma
Pathology to nerve – compressive and congenital Systemic – AION + CBC, ESR |
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Filamentary Keratopathy
PABST 57 STEAK -- |
Patching/Ptosis/Postop
Adenoviral Bullous keratopathy SLK Trauma 5 or 7 cranial nerve dysfunction Simplex Toxic Erosion (recurrent) syndrome KCS |
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Pseudomembranous or Membranous Conjunctivitis
OH GLAD SCABS -- |
OCP
Herpes Gonococcal Ligneous Adenoviral Diphtheria Steven-johnson syndrome Candida or Chlamidya (newborn only) Alkali Beta-hemolytic strep Springtime (vernal conj) |
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Chronic Follicles
BATMAP |
Benign follicles
Adult chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis Topical (Toxic) medications Molluscum (other viral) Axenfeld’s Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome |
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Optics, Visual Physiology, and Correction of Refractive Errors
CAP SAM |
CAP Closer Add Plus
SAM Steeper Add Minus MMM -- 2 possibilities Minus Means More -- 2.5 x Diopter value of Lens % increase in the measured tropic deviationwhen in minus lenses greater than -5 D Minus Lens Tilting --> Minus sphere (small) + Minus Cylinder x 180 (large) |
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Post Enucleation Socket Syndrome
(PESS) |
Ptosis
Enophthalmos Deep upper Sulcus Slack lower lid |
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Associations of Vortex Keratopathy:
ABCDEF |
Arthritis (diclofenac)
Breast Cancer (Tamoxifen) Cardiac (amiodarone) Dementia / Depression (Chlorpromazine) Enzyme deficiency (see F) Fabry's Disease |
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Features of Keratoconus: CONES
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Central scarring & Fleischer ring
Oil drop reflex / Oedema (hydrops) Nerves prominent Excessive bulging of lower lid on downgaze (Munson’s sign) Striae (Vogt’s) |
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Systemic associations of keratoconus: ABCDEF
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Atopy
Bones (osteogenesis imperfecta) Crouzon’s syndrome Down’s syndrome Ehler’s Danlos syndrome Fingers (Marfan’s) |
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Stromal dystrophies:
Marilyn Monroe Always Gets Her Man in LA City |
Macular dystrophy
Mucopolysaccharide Alcian blue Granular Dystrophy Hyaline material Masson's Trichrome Lattice Dystrophy Amyloid Congo Red |
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Secondary glaucoma: NIPPLES
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Neovascular
Iridoschisis PXF Pigmentary Lens (phacolytic/phacomorphic) Iridocorneal Endothelial syndromes Seclusio pupillae (in iritis) +trauma (angle recession) |
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Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) Syndrome subtypes: ICE
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Iris Naevus
Chandler Syndrome Essential Iris Atrophy |
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Systemic Features of Sarcoid:
FILLED BAGEL |
Facial nerve palsy
Infiltrates of lung parenchyma, Insufficiency of pituitary Lymphadenopathy (esp lung hilae) Liver & spleen enlargement Elevated ACE & calcium Dilated cardiomyopathy Bone cysts Arthralgia Granulomata of skin Erythema nodosum Lupus pernio |
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Causes of ectopia lentis:
ECTOPIC M&M |
Eye degeneration (phthisis)
Choroidal tumours Trauma Overstretched zonules (buphthalmos / megalocornea) AR with Pupil ectopy Isolated AR Cystathione beta-synthase deficiency (homocystinuria) Marfans Weill-Marchesani syndrome |
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Features of posterior scleritis: POST SCLER
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Proptosis
Ophthalmoplegia Swelling of disc Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign (fluid in sub-Tenon’s space) Subretinal exudates Choroidal foLds Exudative RD Ring choroidal detachment |
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Differential Diagnosis of Drusen:
AGEING |
Alports Syndrome
Glomerulonephritis Exudate (Hard) Inherited (Familial Dominant Drusen) North Carolina Dystrophy starGardts and fundus flavimaculatus |
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Drugs causing cataract: ABCD
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Amiodarone
Busulphan Chlorpromazine Dexamethasone (po/g) |
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Causes of cataract: DAMAGED
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Diabetes
Atopy Myopia / Myotonic dystrophy Anterior uveitis (chronic) Glaucomflecken Electricity / radiation / trauma Drugs / Dystrophies |
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Ophthalmic features of TB:
BCG GP |
Busacca & Koeppe nodules on iris
Choroiditis Granulomata in choroid Granulomatous uveitis (with mutton fat KP’s) Periphlebitis |
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Suspicious Choroidal Naevi:
To Find Small Ocular Melanoma |
Thickness >2mm
Fluid (subretinal) Symptoms Orange pigment (lipofuscin) Margin at optic disc |
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Classification of Retinoblastoma:
ABCDE |
SmAll (<3mm)
Bigger (>3mm, macular, subretinal fluid) Contained Seeds Diffuse seeds (>3mm) Extensive (>50% globe, opaque media, NVI) |
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Ocular features of Marfan’s: CLUMPS
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Cupping (glaucoma)
Lattice Upward lens subluxation Myopia Cornea Plana Sclera blue |
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Things to remember about Lyme Disease: TICK’S CRAP
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Tick-borne
Iritis & intermediate uveitis Conjunctivitis Keratitis (subepithelial, punctate) Swelling of disc & Star at macula Cardiac arrythmias (conduction defects) Rash (erythema migrans) Arthritis Palsies |
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Complicated Cataract is:
RIGID |
Quote:
complicated cataract is RIGID R- retinal detachment I- inflammatry conditions like iridocyclitis, hypopyon, choroiditis, endophthalmitis G- glaucoma {primary n secondary} I- intraocular tumors D- degenerative conditions: retnitis pigmentosa, retnal dystrophies |
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TFSOM—“To Find Small Ocular Melanoma”
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Thickness: lesions >2mm
Fluid: any subretinal fluid (suggestive of serous retinal detachment) Symptoms: photopsia, vision loss Orange pigment overlying the lesion Margin touching optic nerve head Mohammad Rafieetary, O.D. |
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VITAMIN D
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Things to consider as an etiology for any pathological process.
V = vascular/ischemic I = infectious T = trauma A = autoimmune/ inflammatory M = metabolic/systemic I = inherited/congenital N =neoplastic D = drug/toxic Dr. Karen Brandreth-Walker, OD |